CPT® Code 0221T

Placement of a posterior intrafacet implant(s), unilateral or bilateral, including imaging and placement of bone graft(s) or synthetic device(s), single level; lumbar

The procedure described by CPT® Code 0221T involves the placement of a posterior intrafacet implant in the lumbar region of the spine. The facet joints, which are the paired posterior vertebral joints located between adjacent vertebrae, play a crucial role in providing stability and facilitating movement of the spine. These joints can become damaged due to various conditions, leading to nerve compression and significant back pain. The placement of an intrafacet implant aims to alleviate these issues by stabilizing the affected vertebral segment. During the procedure, an incision is made over the targeted area of the back, allowing access to the facet joints. Imaging guidance is utilized to enhance visualization of the joint structures, ensuring precise placement of the implant. The procedure may involve the division of the intervertebral ligament and excision of part or all of the lamina to expose the involved nerve root. Once the facet joints are explored, a posterior intrafacet implant, which may include devices such as facet screws or locking screw and nut systems, is inserted to stabilize the spine. If necessary, a bone graft is harvested and placed between the facets to promote healing and stability. The procedure can be performed unilaterally or bilaterally, depending on the extent of the damage. After the implant is placed, measures are taken to control bleeding, and the surgical site is closed. This procedure is specifically indicated for single-level interventions in the lumbar spine, distinguishing it from similar procedures in the cervical and thoracic regions, which are coded differently.