CPT® Code 0261T

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Selective head hypothermia is a medical procedure specifically designed for neonates who are 28 days of age or younger, particularly those diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). HIE is a serious condition that arises from a lack of oxygen to the brain and spinal cord, often due to perinatal asphyxia, which can occur during labor and delivery. The procedure involves cooling either the entire body or just the head of the neonate to a temperature range of 91.4°F (33°C) to 93.2°F (34°C). This cooling process is most effective when initiated within six hours of birth, as it can significantly mitigate the neurological damage associated with HIE. The cooling is typically maintained for a duration of 72 hours, during which the infant's temperatures are meticulously monitored through various methods, including rectal, nasopharyngeal, scalp, and abdominal skin temperature assessments. Additionally, vital metabolic, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and coagulation laboratory measurements are taken at specified intervals to ensure the neonate's safety and response to the treatment. Following the cooling period, the procedure includes a gradual rewarming phase that lasts approximately four hours, allowing the infant to return to normal body temperature in a controlled manner. For billing purposes, CPT® Code 0261T is utilized to report each day of selective head hypothermia performed using a cooling helmet on eligible neonates.