CPT® Code 22552

Add-On Code

Arthrodesis, anterior interbody, including disc space preparation, discectomy, osteophytectomy and decompression of spinal cord and/or nerve roots; cervical below C2, each additional interspace (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)

The procedure described by CPT® Code 22552 refers to an anterior interbody arthrodesis performed on the cervical spine, specifically for interspaces located below the second cervical vertebra (C2). This surgical intervention is indicated for patients with damaged cervical vertebrae, where the approach is made from the front (ventral) side of the body. The procedure involves several critical steps, including the preparation of the disc space, discectomy, osteophytectomy, and decompression of the spinal cord and/or nerve roots. The surgical team begins by carefully dissecting the soft tissues and muscles that cover the cervical spine, ensuring that vital structures such as the trachea and esophagus are retracted to provide a clear view of the surgical site. Once the affected area is exposed, a groove is created in the vertebral body to access the intervertebral disc and the nerve roots. The intervertebral disc is then meticulously removed, often with the assistance of a surgical microscope to enhance precision. Additionally, any bone spurs or osteophytes that may be compressing the nerve roots are excised, along with the ligament that covers the spinal cord. Following the removal of the disc, the cartilage from the vertebral endplates above and below the disc space is also removed, and the bone is decorticated to prepare for the placement of a bone graft. This graft, which can be either an allograft or autograft, is crucial for facilitating the fusion of the vertebrae, known as interbody arthrodesis. To further stabilize the spine, internal fixation devices may be utilized, although these are reported separately. The procedure concludes with meticulous control of any bleeding, placement of drains if necessary, and layered closure of the soft tissues and skin. It is important to note that CPT® Code 22552 is used to report each additional interspace involved in the procedure, while CPT® Code 22551 is designated for the primary interspace.