CPT® Code 22595

The procedure described by CPT® Code 22595 refers to arthrodesis using a posterior technique specifically for the atlas-axis, which is the anatomical region encompassing the first two cervical vertebrae, known as C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis). This area is critical for the rotational movement of the head, allowing for side-to-side motion. The C1-C2 articulation consists of three distinct joints: the central atlantoaxial joint and two lateral atlantoaxial joints. The primary goal of performing a posterior arthrodesis at this site is to reduce the range of motion in the neck, particularly the rotation, and to prevent any forward or backward movement of the head, which can be essential in cases of instability or injury. During the procedure, an incision is made at the back of the neck to access the C1-C2 joint, allowing for the dissection of soft tissues to expose the vertebrae. If there are any fractures or instability present, additional treatments may be performed concurrently. A bone graft, which is often harvested from the iliac crest or another site, is prepared and placed between the vertebrae to promote fusion. To ensure immobilization of the joint, drill holes are created in the C1 and C2 vertebrae, and wires or other internal fixation devices may be utilized. The procedure may also involve the placement of a drain to manage any postoperative fluid accumulation, and the surgical site is closed in layers to promote healing.