CPT® Code 23105

The procedure described by CPT® Code 23105 refers to an arthrotomy of the glenohumeral joint, which is the ball-and-socket joint located between the humerus (the upper arm bone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). This procedure involves a surgical opening of the joint to perform a synovectomy, which is the removal of the synovial membrane that lines the joint. The synovial membrane is responsible for producing synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and facilitates smooth movement. In cases where the synovial tissue becomes inflamed due to conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or other synovial proliferative disorders, it can lead to an overproduction of synovial fluid, resulting in joint effusion and discomfort. During the arthrotomy, the surgeon makes an incision over the deltoid and pectoral muscles to access the glenohumeral joint. The procedure may also include obtaining biopsy samples of the synovial tissue for further laboratory analysis, which can help in diagnosing underlying conditions. The use of a motorized shaver allows for the precise removal of the inflamed synovial tissue while minimizing damage to surrounding structures, such as blood vessels and nerves. After the synovectomy is completed, the joint is thoroughly flushed to clear any debris, and the surgical incisions are closed with appropriate dressings applied to promote healing. This procedure is essential for alleviating symptoms associated with joint inflammation and improving the overall function of the glenohumeral joint.