CPT® Code 26140

The CPT® Code 26140 refers to a surgical procedure known as synovectomy of the proximal interphalangeal joint, which includes the reconstruction of the extensor mechanism for each interphalangeal joint involved. The proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is one of the key joints in the fingers, located between the first (proximal) and second (distal) phalanges. This procedure is typically indicated when there is inflammation of the synovial tissue, which can occur due to various conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or other inflammatory joint diseases. The synovium is the lining of the joint that produces synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and allows for smooth movement. When this tissue becomes inflamed, it can lead to pain, swelling, and decreased range of motion in the affected joint. During the synovectomy, the surgeon makes an incision over the PIP joint to access the joint capsule. The procedure involves careful dissection of the soft tissues while protecting surrounding nerves and blood vessels. Once the joint capsule is exposed, the inflamed synovial tissue is excised to alleviate symptoms and restore function. Additionally, the extensor tendon, which is crucial for finger extension, is reconstructed to ensure that the tendons and ligaments can move freely, allowing for proper finger motion. This procedure is essential for patients experiencing significant joint dysfunction due to synovial inflammation and aims to improve their overall hand function and quality of life.