CPT® Code 27440

Arthroplasty of the knee, specifically the tibial plateau, is a surgical procedure aimed at addressing degenerative joint disease affecting the knee joint. The knee joint comprises two primary weight-bearing surfaces known as the medial and lateral tibial plateaus, which articulate with the corresponding medial and lateral femoral condyles. This procedure is indicated when these surfaces have deteriorated due to conditions such as osteoarthritis, leading to pain, reduced mobility, and impaired function. During the arthroplasty, a surgical incision is made over the anteromedial or anterolateral aspect of the knee, depending on which tibial plateau is affected. The joint capsule is then incised to allow for direct access to the knee joint, where the surgeon inspects the medial and/or lateral compartments. The preparation of the proximal tibial surface is critical, utilizing either intramedullary or extramedullary alignment rods to ensure that the joint and bone angles are properly aligned. If the degenerative joint disease has resulted in contracted knee ligaments, these may be released to restore normal function. Following the preparation, a trial component is placed to evaluate the range of motion before the final tibial component, which includes a metal tray and spacer, is secured to the tibia using bone cement or screws. The procedure concludes with the attachment of the spacer to the metal tray and a thorough check of the range of motion, followed by layered repair of the overlying soft tissues and skin.