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Official Description

Percutaneous skeletal fixation of femoral fracture, distal end, medial or lateral condyle, or supracondylar or transcondylar, with or without intercondylar extension, or distal femoral epiphyseal separation

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 27509 involves the percutaneous skeletal fixation of a femoral fracture located at the distal end of the femur, specifically targeting the medial or lateral condyle, as well as supracondylar or transcondylar fractures. In simpler terms, the distal femur features two prominent projections known as the lateral and medial epicondyles. When fractures occur just above these epicondyles, they are classified as supracondylar fractures, while those that occur through the epicondyles are termed transcondylar fractures. These fractures can also extend into the intercondylar fossa, which is the space between the epicondyles, or may lead to the separation of the epiphyseal plate, particularly in younger patients. Prior to the fixation procedure, separate radiographs are obtained to confirm the presence and specifics of the fracture. A thorough neurovascular examination is conducted to ensure that the nerves and blood vessels surrounding the injury are intact and functioning properly. The procedure itself involves making a small incision over the distal femur, followed by the use of radiographic guidance to create one or more corticotomies—small cuts in the bone—at the designated sites for pin placement. The fracture fragments are then manually manipulated back into their correct anatomical positions, and pins are inserted across the fracture site to maintain this alignment. Finally, the correct anatomical reduction is confirmed through radiographic imaging, ensuring that the fracture is properly stabilized.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure is indicated for specific types of fractures of the distal femur, which include:

  • Fractures of the medial or lateral condyle - These fractures occur at the ends of the femur, affecting the bony projections that articulate with the tibia.
  • Supracondylar fractures - These are fractures that occur just above the condyles of the femur, often resulting from trauma.
  • Transcondylar fractures - These fractures traverse through the condyles of the femur, impacting the joint surface.
  • Intercondylar extension - This refers to fractures that extend into the area between the condyles, potentially complicating the injury.
  • Distal femoral epiphyseal separation - This condition involves the separation of the growth plate at the distal end of the femur, which is particularly relevant in pediatric patients.

2. Procedure

The procedure consists of several critical steps to ensure effective fixation of the femoral fracture:

  • Step 1: Radiographic Confirmation - Prior to the surgical intervention, separate radiographs are obtained to confirm the presence and specific characteristics of the fracture. This imaging is essential for planning the procedure and ensuring accurate placement of fixation devices.
  • Step 2: Neurovascular Examination - A thorough neurovascular examination is performed to assess the integrity of the nerves and blood vessels surrounding the fracture site. This step is crucial to prevent complications during and after the procedure.
  • Step 3: Incision - A small skin incision is made over the distal femur, providing access to the fracture site while minimizing soft tissue damage.
  • Step 4: Corticotomy Creation - Using radiographic guidance, a drill is employed to create one or more corticotomies at the predetermined sites where pins will be inserted. This technique allows for precise access to the bone without extensive exposure.
  • Step 5: Manual Reduction - The fracture fragments are manually reduced, meaning they are carefully manipulated back into their proper anatomical alignment. This step is critical for restoring the normal function of the joint.
  • Step 6: Pin Placement - One or more pins are advanced across the fracture site to maintain the anatomical alignment of the fracture fragments. The use of pins provides stability and support during the healing process.
  • Step 7: Verification of Reduction - Finally, the anatomical reduction is verified through radiographic imaging, ensuring that the fracture is properly aligned and stabilized before concluding the procedure.

3. Post-Procedure

After the procedure, patients typically require monitoring for any signs of complications, such as infection or improper healing. Follow-up radiographs may be necessary to assess the healing process and ensure that the fracture remains properly aligned. Rehabilitation may be initiated to restore function and strength to the affected limb, and patients are advised on activity restrictions to promote optimal recovery. The duration of recovery can vary based on the severity of the fracture and the patient's overall health.

Short Descr TREATMENT OF THIGH FRACTURE
Medium Descr PRQ SKELETAL FIXJ FEMORAL FX DISTAL END
Long Descr Percutaneous skeletal fixation of femoral fracture, distal end, medial or lateral condyle, or supracondylar or transcondylar, with or without intercondylar extension, or distal femoral epiphyseal separation
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 1 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures applies.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Device-intensive procedure added to ASC list in CY 2008 or later; paid at adjusted rate.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P3D - Major procedure, orthopedic - other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 146 - Treatment, fracture or dislocation of hip and femur
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
SG Ambulatory surgical center (asc) facility service
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
1993-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 1993.
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