CPT® Code 27557

The CPT® Code 27557 refers to the open treatment of a knee dislocation, which includes internal fixation when performed, along with primary ligamentous repair. A knee dislocation is a serious injury that can occur in various forms, including anterior, posterior, lateral, medial, and rotary dislocations. The treatment approach is determined by the specific ligaments that are injured and the overall severity of the dislocation. The knee joint is stabilized by four primary ligaments: the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL), which are located on the inner and outer aspects of the knee, respectively, and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), which are situated within the joint capsule. During the procedure, a surgical incision is made over the knee, allowing access to the joint capsule. The surgeon then incises the capsule to expose the injury site, which is meticulously cleared of any debris, such as loose osteochondral fragments. The dislocated knee is then reduced, and the position is confirmed through radiographic imaging. If ligaments are torn, they are repaired using sutures or staples. In cases where ligaments are avulsed along with significant bone fragments, internal fixation methods, such as screws, may be employed to secure the ligaments and restore stability to the knee joint. It is important to note that if the ligament repair necessitates augmentation or reconstruction, the CPT® Code 27558 should be utilized. Augmentation involves repairing the ligament with sutures or staples and then reinforcing it with a tendon graft, which is secured in drilled tunnels within the tibia and femur. Reconstruction is indicated when the ligament is irreparably damaged, requiring the excision of the existing ligament and the placement of a new graft. Throughout the procedure, the stability of the knee is continuously assessed, ensuring proper alignment and function post-surgery.