CPT® Code 29821

Arthroscopy of the shoulder is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows for the examination and treatment of various shoulder joint conditions. The specific procedure described by CPT® Code 29821 involves a complete synovectomy, which is the surgical removal of the synovial membrane lining the shoulder joint. This procedure is typically indicated for patients with significant synovial disease, such as synovitis or other inflammatory conditions affecting the shoulder. During the procedure, the patient is positioned either in a lateral decubitus position, where they lie on their side with the affected arm suspended, or in a beach chair position, which allows for optimal access to the shoulder joint. The use of skin traction helps to stabilize the arm and improve visibility during the surgery. The procedure begins with the creation of anterior and posterior portal incisions, through which an infusion pump is used to introduce sterile saline solution into the joint, expanding the joint space for better visualization. Following a diagnostic arthroscopy, the surgeon explores the joint for any synovial defects or disease. If necessary, additional portal incisions are made to facilitate the introduction of surgical instruments. The synovial membrane is then carefully resected using specialized tools, and any bleeding is managed through techniques such as radiofrequency or electrocautery. Once the complete synovectomy is performed, the fluid is drained from the joint, the incisions are closed, and a dressing is applied to promote healing.