CPT® Code 29874

Arthroscopy, knee, surgical; for removal of loose body or foreign body (eg, osteochondritis dissecans fragmentation, chondral fragmentation)

A surgical arthroscopy of the knee, as described by CPT® Code 29874, involves a minimally invasive procedure aimed at the removal of loose bodies or foreign bodies from the knee joint. Loose bodies can consist of various materials such as cartilage, meniscal fragments, or bone pieces that have become dislodged and are floating within the joint space. Additionally, foreign bodies may include items like bullets, broken surgical instruments, or any other materials not typically found within the knee. The procedure begins with the creation of small portal incisions on the medial and lateral sides of the knee joint, allowing for access to the internal structures. An arthroscope, which is a specialized camera, is introduced through one of these portals to provide visualization of the joint. A cannula is then inserted through a second portal, enabling the joint to be flushed with saline solution to clear debris and enhance visibility. The surgeon examines the knee for any signs of disease, injury, or infection, and locates the loose or foreign bodies for removal. The extraction process may involve the use of a grasper for smaller fragments, while larger loose bodies may require fragmentation with an osteotome followed by suctioning with a motorized shaver. After the removal of all identified loose or foreign bodies, the arthroscope, cannula, and any other instruments are withdrawn, and the portal incisions are closed to complete the procedure.