CPT® Code 31551

The procedure described by CPT® Code 31551 refers to a laryngoplasty performed specifically for the correction of laryngeal stenosis in patients younger than 12 years of age. Laryngeal stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the airway in the larynx, which can occur in various regions including the supraglottis, glottis, or subglottis. This narrowing can be either partial or circumferential and may result from congenital factors, such as failure of the laryngeal lumen to recanalize after the formation of the epithelial lamina, or from acquired causes, including trauma, infection, or malignancy. Congenital laryngeal stenosis is most frequently observed in the subglottic area, while congenital laryngeal webs typically occur in the glottis. Acquired stenosis can arise from several factors, including trauma during endotracheal intubation, gastroesophageal reflux, autoimmune disorders, inhalation burns, or radiation exposure. Symptoms associated with laryngeal stenosis may include inspiratory or biphasic stridor, apnea, tachypnea, dyspnea, voice hoarseness, aphonia, and dysphagia. The primary goal of laryngoplasty in this context is to create an adequate airway while preserving or improving voice quality. The procedure involves making an incision at the level of the larynx to access the thyroid cartilage, followed by the drilling of a window in the cartilage to facilitate the removal of obstructive tissue and the placement of a graft. The graft, which can be sourced from various tissues such as autogenous costal cartilage or buccal mucosa, is sutured in place to reconstruct the airway. This procedure is performed without the placement of an indwelling stent, distinguishing it from other related codes that may involve stent placement. Overall, CPT® Code 31551 is specifically designated for laryngoplasty with grafting in pediatric patients under the age of 12, addressing the critical need for airway management in this vulnerable population.