CPT® Code 32540

The procedure described by CPT® Code 32540 refers to the surgical intervention known as extrapleural enucleation of empyema, commonly referred to as empyemectomy. Empyema is characterized by the accumulation of pus, inflammatory fluid, and debris within the pleural cavity, typically resulting from an untreated infection in that space. This condition can lead to significant complications if not addressed promptly. The term "extrapleural enucleation" indicates that the surgical approach involves removing the empyema along with the surrounding tissue that has become involved due to the inflammatory process. This procedure is indicated when the empyema has progressed to a stage where it has penetrated through both the visceral and parietal pleura, leading to adhesions with adjacent structures. The surgical technique involves making an incision in the chest over the area of the empyema, allowing the surgeon to assess the extent of the disease and the involvement of surrounding tissues. The goal is to meticulously dissect and remove the empyema sac and any affected extrapleural tissue while ensuring that the sac remains intact to prevent spillage of its contents. Following the removal, chest tubes may be placed to facilitate drainage, and the incision is subsequently closed to promote healing.