CPT® Code 33031

The procedure described by CPT® Code 33031 refers to a pericardiectomy, which is a surgical intervention involving the removal of the pericardium, the fibrous sac surrounding the heart. This procedure can be performed as either a subtotal or complete excision, depending on the extent of the disease and the specific needs of the patient. The primary indication for this surgery is constrictive pericarditis, a condition characterized by the thickening and fibrosis of the pericardium due to chronic inflammation. This thickening can restrict the heart's ability to function properly, leading to various cardiovascular complications. The surgery is typically conducted through an open approach, utilizing techniques such as median sternotomy or anterolateral thoracotomy to gain access to the heart. During the procedure, the surgeon carefully dissects the thickened pericardium while ensuring the protection of critical structures, such as the phrenic nerves, which are essential for diaphragm function. The excision process involves meticulous dissection around the heart, including the lateral and posterior walls of the left ventricle, the pulmonary veins, and the pulmonary artery, ultimately addressing the diaphragmatic surface and the free wall of the right ventricle, right atrium, and vena cava. It is important to note that this specific code is applicable when the procedure is performed with the assistance of cardiopulmonary bypass, which is a technique that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery.