CPT® Code 33401

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An open aortic valvuloplasty is a surgical procedure aimed at correcting a narrowed or stenosed aortic valve, which is crucial for proper blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. The aortic valve typically consists of three leaflets or cusps, and any malformation or narrowing can significantly impact cardiac function. This procedure can be performed using two primary methods: with cardiopulmonary bypass or with inflow occlusion. In cases where cardiopulmonary bypass is utilized, the patient's blood is rerouted through a heart-lung machine, allowing the surgeon to operate on a still and bloodless heart. Alternatively, inflow occlusion involves temporarily stopping venous blood flow to the heart by occluding the superior and inferior vena cava, which allows the heart to empty of blood and provides a clear surgical field. Access to the heart is achieved through a median sternotomy, where the sternum is opened, or through a thoracotomy, which involves opening the chest wall. The procedure entails cross-clamping and incising the aorta, followed by dilation of the valve or division of scar tissue, ultimately restoring normal function to the aortic valve. After the procedure, the aorta is closed, and the method of blood flow management is terminated, with chest tubes placed as necessary to facilitate recovery.