CPT® Code 33403

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The procedure described by CPT® Code 33403 refers to a valvuloplasty of the aortic valve, specifically utilizing a transventricular dilation approach while the patient is on cardiopulmonary bypass. In simpler terms, this surgical intervention aims to treat aortic stenosis, a condition characterized by the narrowing of the aortic valve opening, which impedes the flow of blood from the heart's left ventricle into the aorta. The aortic valve typically consists of three flexible leaflets that open and close to regulate blood flow. However, in cases of aortic stenosis, these leaflets may become thickened, less flexible, or even fused together, leading to significant obstruction. To perform this procedure, the surgeon gains access to the heart by making an incision in the sternum, allowing for a direct view and access to the heart's structures. Cardiopulmonary bypass is then initiated, which temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs, allowing the heart to be still and bloodless during the operation. The surgeon makes an incision in the apex of the left ventricle and introduces a series of dilators through the ventricle into the aortic valve. This dilation process aims to increase the diameter of the valve opening and separate any fused leaflets, thereby restoring normal blood flow. Once the valve is adequately dilated, the incision in the left ventricle is closed, and the cardiopulmonary bypass is discontinued. Finally, chest tubes may be placed to drain any excess fluid, and the chest is closed to complete the procedure.