CPT® Code 33422

Mitral valvotomy, also known as commissurotomy, is a surgical procedure aimed at treating mitral stenosis, a condition characterized by the narrowing of the mitral valve orifice. This narrowing obstructs the flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle, which can lead to various complications, including heart failure. The mitral valve is situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle, playing a crucial role in maintaining proper blood circulation within the heart. The most prevalent cause of mitral stenosis is rheumatic heart disease, which can result from rheumatic fever. Other contributing factors may include calcification of the mitral annulus, infective endocarditis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and carcinoid heart disease. The procedure described by CPT® Code 33422 involves an open heart approach with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, allowing for a more direct and thorough examination and treatment of the mitral valve. This method contrasts with the closed heart approach, as seen in CPT® Code 33420, where the procedure is performed without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. The open heart technique provides the surgeon with enhanced visibility and access to the mitral valve, facilitating the debridement of any localized calcifications and the incision of the commissures to alleviate the fusion or scar tissue that contributes to the stenosis.