CPT® Code 33475

The procedure described by CPT® Code 33475 refers to the surgical replacement of the pulmonary valve, which is a critical component of the heart that regulates blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. This procedure is indicated when the pulmonary valve is severely damaged and cannot be repaired through less invasive techniques. The replacement can involve the use of either a mechanical valve, which is made from synthetic materials such as plastic, metal, and pyrolytic carbon, or a biological valve, which is derived from animal tissues, such as porcine valves or valves from cadaver donors. The surgical approach typically involves a median sternotomy, which is an incision made along the sternum to provide access to the heart. During the procedure, cardiopulmonary bypass is established to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation while the heart is being operated on. The main pulmonary artery is then incised above the pulmonary valve to allow for inspection and potential replacement of the valve. If the size of the valve annulus is adequate, the replacement can be performed through this approach; otherwise, a transventricular approach may be necessary, which involves opening the right ventricle. The excision of the damaged valve leaflets, debridement of the valve annulus, and precise placement of the artificial valve are critical steps in ensuring the success of the procedure. After the valve is secured with non-absorbable sutures or pledgets, it is tested for proper function before concluding the surgery and closing the chest. This detailed explanation underscores the complexity and importance of the pulmonary valve replacement procedure in restoring normal heart function.