CPT® Code 33610

Repair of complex cardiac anomalies (eg, single ventricle with subaortic obstruction) by surgical enlargement of ventricular septal defect

A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is defined as an abnormal opening in the interventricular septum, which is the wall separating the left and right ventricles of the heart. This defect allows for the mixing of oxygenated blood from the left ventricle with unoxygenated blood from the right ventricle, leading to inefficient circulation and potential complications. In patients with complex cardiac anomalies, such as a single functioning ventricle, the presence of a smaller underdeveloped ventricle and a small VSD can significantly impair the heart's ability to pump sufficient oxygenated blood to the body. To address this issue, surgical intervention is required to enlarge the VSD, thereby facilitating adequate blood mixing and improving oxygen delivery to systemic circulation. The procedure typically involves a median sternotomy, which provides access to the heart, and the use of cardiopulmonary bypass to maintain circulation during the surgery. The surgical steps include incising the ventricle, enlarging the VSD by cutting into the interventricular septum, and subsequently closing the incision in the ventricle. Following the procedure, cardiopulmonary bypass is discontinued, and chest tubes are placed to manage any fluid accumulation before the chest incision is closed. This surgical repair is critical for patients with complex cardiac conditions to enhance their overall cardiac function and improve their quality of life.