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Official Description

Closure of aortico-left ventricular tunnel

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 33722 involves the surgical closure of a congenital aortico-left ventricular tunnel (ALVT), which is a rare cardiac defect. In this condition, there is an abnormal connection, or tunnel, that allows blood to flow directly from the left ventricle to the aorta, bypassing the aortic valve. This anomaly typically originates from the right aortic sinus, although it can also arise from the left aortic sinus. The surgical approach to repair this defect usually requires access to the heart through a median sternotomy or thoracotomy, which involves making an incision in the chest to reach the heart. During the procedure, cardiopulmonary bypass is established to take over the function of the heart and lungs, allowing the surgeon to operate on a still and bloodless field. The aorta is cross-clamped to stop blood flow, and cardioplegic arrest is initiated to protect the heart muscle during the repair. A horizontal incision is made in the aorta to access the tunnel, where the surgeon inspects the aortic wall to locate the tunnel's orifice. The opening at the aorta is then closed using sutures or a patch graft, effectively obliterating the tunnel. After the closure, the incision in the aorta is sutured, the aortic clamps are removed, and the patient is gradually weaned off the cardiopulmonary bypass. Finally, chest tubes may be placed to drain any excess fluid, and the chest incision is closed to complete the procedure.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The closure of aortico-left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) is indicated for patients presenting with the following conditions:

  • Congenital Heart Defect The presence of a congenital aortico-left ventricular tunnel, which is characterized by an abnormal connection between the left ventricle and the aorta.
  • Symptoms of Heart Failure Patients may exhibit symptoms related to heart failure due to the abnormal blood flow caused by the tunnel.
  • Increased Workload on the Heart The condition can lead to an increased workload on the heart, necessitating surgical intervention to prevent further complications.

2. Procedure

The procedure for the closure of aortico-left ventricular tunnel involves several critical steps:

  • Accessing the Heart The surgeon begins by accessing the heart through a median sternotomy or thoracotomy, which involves making a surgical incision in the chest to provide direct access to the heart.
  • Establishing Cardiopulmonary Bypass Once access is achieved, cardiopulmonary bypass is established to take over the functions of the heart and lungs, allowing the surgical team to operate on a still and bloodless field.
  • Cross-Clamping the Aorta The aorta is then cross-clamped to halt blood flow, and cardioplegic arrest is initiated to protect the heart muscle during the procedure.
  • Incising the Aorta A horizontal incision is made in the aorta to gain access to the tunnel. The surgeon inspects the aortic wall to locate the exact position of the tunnel orifice.
  • Closing the Tunnel Orifice The tunnel orifice at the aorta is closed using sutures or a patch graft, effectively obliterating the tunnel and restoring normal blood flow.
  • Closing the Aortic Incision After the tunnel is closed, the incision in the aorta is sutured, and the aortic clamps are removed to restore blood flow.
  • Weaning Off Bypass The patient is gradually weaned off the cardiopulmonary bypass, allowing the heart to resume its normal function.
  • Placing Chest Tubes Chest tubes may be placed as needed to drain any excess fluid that may accumulate postoperatively.
  • Closing the Chest Incision Finally, the chest incision is closed to complete the surgical procedure.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care for patients who have undergone closure of aortico-left ventricular tunnel includes monitoring for any complications related to the surgery, such as bleeding or infection. Patients are typically observed in a recovery area before being transferred to a regular hospital room. The expected recovery period may vary, but patients will generally require time to heal from the surgical incision and to allow the heart to adjust to the corrected blood flow. Follow-up appointments will be necessary to assess the success of the procedure and to monitor the patient's overall cardiac function.

Short Descr REPAIR OF HEART DEFECT
Medium Descr CLOSURE AORTICO-LEFT VENTRICULAR TUNNEL
Long Descr Closure of aortico-left ventricular tunnel
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Inpatient Procedures, not paid under OPPS
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P2F - Major procedure, cardiovascular-Other
MUE Not applicable/unspecified.
CCS Clinical Classification 49 - Other OR heart procedures
Date
Action
Notes
2021-12-31 Deleted Code deleted
1994-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 1994.
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