CPT® Code 33955

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)/extracorporeal life support (ECLS) provided by physician; insertion of central cannula(e) by sternotomy or thoracotomy, birth through 5 years of age

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and extracorporeal life support (ECLS) are terms that refer to a critical medical procedure used to provide long-term support for patients experiencing severe heart and lung failure. This procedure typically lasts from three to ten days and involves the circulation of blood outside the body through an artificial lung, which oxygenates the blood before it is returned to the patient's bloodstream. The insertion of central cannula(e) is a vital step in this process, allowing for the effective management of blood flow during the procedure. The cannulae are inserted using a transthoracic approach, which can be performed via sternotomy or thoracotomy. This surgical technique is often employed during cardiac surgeries when a patient is unable to transition from cardiopulmonary bypass to normal heart function. The surgeon accesses the chest cavity by making an incision either between the ribs or along the sternum, providing the necessary access to the heart and major blood vessels. Depending on the patient's condition, specific areas such as the right atrial appendage, aortic arch, or ascending aorta may be cannulated. In cases of primary left heart failure, the left atrium may be cannulated to relieve pressure. Once the cannulae are in place, they are connected to the ECMO/ECLS circuit, and the chest is subsequently closed, ensuring that the tubing is secured for optimal function. The use of CPT® code 33955 is specifically designated for this procedure when performed on patients ranging from newborns to 5 years of age, while code 33956 applies to patients aged 6 years and older.