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Official Description

Repair, acquired or traumatic arteriovenous fistula; thorax and abdomen

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

An acquired or traumatic arteriovenous fistula is a pathological condition characterized by an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein, which can occur due to trauma or injury to blood vessels. This condition may manifest immediately following the injury or develop gradually over time. The presence of this abnormal communication allows blood to flow from the artery, which operates under high pressure, directly into the vein. Since the walls of veins are not designed to withstand such high-pressure blood flow, they can become distended and enlarged, leading to further complications. Over time, the increased volume of blood flowing into the venous system can result in various cardiovascular issues. The procedure coded as CPT® 35189 involves the surgical repair of this fistula located in the thorax and abdomen. This repair is critical to restore normal blood flow and prevent potential complications associated with the fistula. Additionally, the procedure may involve the use of angiography to visualize the fistula's course, ensuring precise surgical intervention. The surgical steps include isolating the fistula, severing the abnormal connection, and repairing the affected vessels, which may involve sutures or the use of synthetic materials. This comprehensive approach aims to restore vascular integrity and function.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure coded as CPT® 35189 is indicated for the repair of an acquired or traumatic arteriovenous fistula located in the thorax and abdomen. This condition may arise from various circumstances, including:

  • Trauma: Injury to blood vessels that leads to the formation of an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein.
  • Acquired Conditions: Development of an arteriovenous fistula due to underlying medical conditions or previous surgical interventions.

2. Procedure

The surgical procedure for repairing an acquired or traumatic arteriovenous fistula in the thorax and abdomen involves several critical steps:

  • Step 1: The procedure begins with the performance of a separately reportable angiography to delineate the course of the arteriovenous fistula. This imaging technique is essential for visualizing the anatomy and planning the surgical approach.
  • Step 2: Following angiography, the physician exposes the fistula by making an incision and carefully dissecting the fistula free from the surrounding tissues. This step is crucial to gain access to the abnormal connection.
  • Step 3: Once the fistula is adequately exposed, clamps are placed on both the artery and the vein to isolate the fistulous communication. This isolation is necessary to prevent blood loss during the repair process.
  • Step 4: The next step involves severing the fistulous communication between the artery and vein. This action eliminates the abnormal blood flow that characterizes the arteriovenous fistula.
  • Step 5: After severing the fistula, the physician repairs the artery and vein. This repair may be accomplished using sutures to close the vessels or, in some cases, a synthetic patch or vein graft may be utilized to ensure proper healing and restoration of blood flow.
  • Step 6: Once the repairs are completed, the clamps are removed, and the physician checks for hemostasis to ensure that there is no active bleeding at the repair site.
  • Step 7: Finally, the overlying tissues are closed in layers to promote optimal healing and restore the integrity of the thoracic or abdominal wall.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care following the repair of an acquired or traumatic arteriovenous fistula includes monitoring for any signs of complications, such as bleeding or infection at the surgical site. Patients may require follow-up imaging to ensure the success of the repair and to assess the patency of the repaired vessels. Additionally, pain management and wound care instructions will be provided to facilitate recovery. The expected recovery period may vary depending on the individual patient's health status and the extent of the surgical intervention.

Short Descr RPR ACQ AV FISTULA THRX&ABD
Medium Descr RPR ACQUIRED/TRAUMATIC AV FISTULA THORAX&ABDOMEN
Long Descr Repair, acquired or traumatic arteriovenous fistula; thorax and abdomen
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Inpatient Procedures, not paid under OPPS
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P2F - Major procedure, cardiovascular-Other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 61 - Other OR procedures on vessels other than head and neck
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
62 Two surgeons: when 2 surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct part(s) of a procedure, each surgeon should report his/her distinct operative work by adding modifier 62 to the procedure code and any associated add-on code(s) for that procedure as long as both surgeons continue to work together as primary surgeons. each surgeon should report the co-surgery once using the same procedure code. if additional procedure(s) (including add-on procedure(s) are performed during the same surgical session, separate code(s) may also be reported with modifier 62 added. note: if a co-surgeon acts as an assistant in the performance of additional procedure(s), other than those reported with the modifier 62, during the same surgical session, those services may be reported using separate procedure code(s) with modifier 80 or modifier 82 added, as appropriate.
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
Date
Action
Notes
2025-01-01 Changed Short and Medium Descriptions changed.
2013-01-01 Changed Medium Descriptor changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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