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Official Description

Bypass graft, with vein; femoral-anterior tibial, posterior tibial, peroneal artery or other distal vessels

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 35566 involves the surgical creation of a bypass graft using a vein, specifically targeting the femoral artery and its branches, which include the anterior tibial, posterior tibial, peroneal artery, or other distal vessels. This surgical intervention is typically indicated for patients with significant arterial occlusion or blockage that impairs blood flow to the lower extremities. The procedure begins with a groin incision on the affected side, allowing the surgeon to access the femoral artery directly. Following this, the distal anastomosis site, which is the location where the graft will connect to the artery, is also exposed. A tunnel is then created to facilitate the passage of the vein graft from the femoral artery to the distal site. The vein graft, often harvested from the saphenous vein, is prepared through a careful dissection process that involves ligating and dividing branches of the vein. Once the graft is secured, it is anastomosed, or surgically connected, to both the femoral artery and the distal artery, ensuring that blood flow can bypass the obstructed area. The procedure concludes with checks for blood flow and patency of the graft, utilizing Doppler ultrasound and evaluating distal pulses to confirm successful restoration of circulation.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure described by CPT® Code 35566 is indicated for patients experiencing significant arterial occlusion or blockage that affects blood flow to the lower extremities. This may include conditions such as:

  • Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) A condition characterized by narrowed arteries reducing blood flow to the limbs, often leading to pain and mobility issues.
  • Critical Limb Ischemia A severe obstruction of the arteries that significantly reduces blood flow to the extremities, potentially resulting in pain at rest, non-healing wounds, or gangrene.
  • Rest Pain Pain in the legs or feet that occurs while resting, indicating severe arterial insufficiency.
  • Non-healing Ulcers or Wounds Ulcers or wounds on the legs or feet that do not heal due to inadequate blood supply.

2. Procedure

The procedure involves several critical steps to ensure successful bypass grafting. The first step is to make a groin incision on the affected side, which allows the surgeon to access the femoral artery. Once the femoral artery is exposed, the next step is to identify and expose the distal anastomosis site on the anterior tibial, posterior tibial, peroneal artery, or other distal vessels. This is essential for establishing the connection for the bypass graft.

  • Step 1: A tunnel is created from the femoral artery to the distal anastomosis site. This tunnel serves as the pathway through which the vein graft will be passed.
  • Step 2: The vein graft is harvested, typically from the saphenous vein. An incision is made in the skin of the leg over the section of the saphenous vein to be harvested. The soft tissue surrounding the vein is carefully dissected away, and any branches of the vein are ligated and divided.
  • Step 3: The section of the saphenous vein intended for use is ligated proximally and distally, then divided and removed from the leg. This harvested vein will serve as the graft material.
  • Step 4: The vein graft is then anastomosed to the femoral artery. This involves clamping the femoral artery, incising it, and connecting the proximal end of the graft to the artery.
  • Step 5: The distal artery is also clamped and incised, allowing for the distal end of the graft to be anastomosed to the artery at the distal anastomosis site.
  • Step 6: After both anastomoses are completed, vascular clamps are released, and hemostasis at all anastomosis sites is checked to ensure there is no bleeding.
  • Step 7: Finally, blood flow through the graft is assessed using Doppler ultrasound, and distal pulses are evaluated to confirm the patency of the bypass graft.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care involves monitoring the patient for any signs of complications, such as bleeding or infection at the incision sites. Patients are typically observed for adequate blood flow to the lower extremities, and follow-up Doppler studies may be performed to assess graft patency. Pain management and rehabilitation may be initiated to promote recovery and improve mobility. The expected recovery period can vary based on the patient's overall health and the complexity of the procedure, but close monitoring is essential to ensure successful outcomes.

Short Descr ART BYP FEM-ANT-POST TIB/PRL
Medium Descr BYP FEM-ANT TIBL PST TIBL PRONEAL ART/OTH DSTL
Long Descr Bypass graft, with vein; femoral-anterior tibial, posterior tibial, peroneal artery or other distal vessels
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 1 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures applies.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Inpatient Procedures, not paid under OPPS
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P2F - Major procedure, cardiovascular-Other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 55 - Peripheral vascular bypass

This is a primary code that can be used with these additional add-on codes.

35500 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N CPT Assistant Article Harvest of upper extremity vein, 1 segment, for lower extremity or coronary artery bypass procedure (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
35572 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N ASC N1 CPT Assistant Article Illustration for Code Harvest of femoropopliteal vein, 1 segment, for vascular reconstruction procedure (eg, aortic, vena caval, coronary, peripheral artery) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
35682 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC C CPT Assistant Article Illustration for Code Bypass graft; autogenous composite, 2 segments of veins from 2 locations (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
35683 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC C CPT Assistant Article Illustration for Code Bypass graft; autogenous composite, 3 or more segments of vein from 2 or more locations (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
35686 Add-on Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N CPT Assistant Article Illustration for Code Creation of distal arteriovenous fistula during lower extremity bypass surgery (non-hemodialysis) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
35700 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC C CPT Assistant Article Illustration for Code Reoperation, femoral-popliteal or femoral (popliteal)-anterior tibial, posterior tibial, peroneal artery, or other distal vessels, more than 1 month after original operation (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
53 Discontinued procedure: under certain circumstances, the physician or other qualified health care professional may elect to terminate a surgical or diagnostic procedure. due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient, it may be necessary to indicate that a surgical or diagnostic procedure was started but discontinued. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 53 to the code reported by the individual for the discontinued procedure. note: this modifier is not used to report the elective cancellation of a procedure prior to the patient's anesthesia induction and/or surgical preparation in the operating suite. for outpatient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (asc) reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
62 Two surgeons: when 2 surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct part(s) of a procedure, each surgeon should report his/her distinct operative work by adding modifier 62 to the procedure code and any associated add-on code(s) for that procedure as long as both surgeons continue to work together as primary surgeons. each surgeon should report the co-surgery once using the same procedure code. if additional procedure(s) (including add-on procedure(s) are performed during the same surgical session, separate code(s) may also be reported with modifier 62 added. note: if a co-surgeon acts as an assistant in the performance of additional procedure(s), other than those reported with the modifier 62, during the same surgical session, those services may be reported using separate procedure code(s) with modifier 80 or modifier 82 added, as appropriate.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
81 Minimum assistant surgeon: minimum surgical assistant services are identified by adding modifier 81 to the usual procedure number.
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
AG Primary physician
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
X5 Diagnostic services requested by another clinician: for reporting services by a clinician who furnishes care to the patient only as requested by another clinician or subsequent and related services requested by another clinician; this modifier is reported for patient relationships that may not be adequately captured by the above alternative categories; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the radiologist's interpretation of an imaging study requested by another clinician
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
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2013-01-01 Changed Short Descriptor changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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