Coding Ahead
CasePilot
Medical Coding Assistant
Case2Code
Search and Code Lookup Tool
CareerCenter
Medical Coding Job Board
Log in Register free account

Need help choosing the right code?

Ask CasePilot about procedures, modifiers, bundling, and coding guidance.

Try CasePilot

Official Description

Incision and drainage abscess; peritonsillar

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 42700 refers to the procedure of incision and drainage of a peritonsillar abscess. A peritonsillar abscess is a localized collection of pus that typically forms near the superior aspect of the palatine tonsils, situated outside the tonsillar capsule. This condition arises in the space between the superior constrictor muscle and the palatopharyngeus muscle. The procedure involves making a small incision in the soft palate, usually positioned superior to the tonsil, using a guarded scalpel to minimize the risk of deep tissue injury. The use of a Kelly clamp is essential for gently dissecting the surrounding tissue to locate the abscess cavity. Once the cavity is identified, it is entered and drained to relieve the pressure and remove the pus. This procedure is critical in managing infections that can lead to complications if left untreated. It is important to note that while CPT® Code 42700 specifically addresses the peritonsillar abscess, there are other codes such as 42720 and 42725 that pertain to the drainage of retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses, respectively, each with distinct approaches based on the abscess's location and characteristics.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure coded under CPT® 42700 is indicated for the treatment of a peritonsillar abscess, which may present with the following symptoms or conditions:

  • Severe sore throat that may be unilateral and accompanied by difficulty swallowing.
  • Fever indicating a systemic response to infection.
  • Trismus or limited jaw movement due to swelling and pain.
  • Swelling in the throat or neck region, particularly around the tonsils.
  • Fluctuance felt upon examination, suggesting the presence of pus.

2. Procedure

The procedure for incision and drainage of a peritonsillar abscess involves several critical steps:

  • Step 1: The patient is positioned appropriately, often in a supine position, to allow for optimal access to the oral cavity and throat.
  • Step 2: Local anesthesia is administered to minimize discomfort during the procedure. This is crucial for patient cooperation and to facilitate the surgical steps.
  • Step 3: A small incision is made in the soft palate, typically superior to the tonsil. A guarded scalpel is used to ensure that the incision does not penetrate too deeply, which could lead to complications.
  • Step 4: A Kelly clamp is then utilized to gently dissect the tissue inferiorly, posteriorly, and slightly laterally over the area where fluctuance is noted. This careful dissection is essential to locate the abscess cavity without causing unnecessary trauma to surrounding structures.
  • Step 5: Once the abscess cavity is located, it is entered, and the pus is drained. This step is critical for alleviating the pressure and resolving the infection.
  • Step 6: After drainage, the area may be packed with gauze or left open to allow for further drainage and healing, depending on the surgeon's assessment.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care for a patient who has undergone incision and drainage of a peritonsillar abscess includes monitoring for any signs of complications, such as excessive bleeding or difficulty breathing. Patients are typically advised to maintain hydration and may be prescribed analgesics to manage pain. Follow-up appointments are essential to ensure proper healing and to assess for any recurrence of the abscess. Additionally, patients may be instructed on oral hygiene practices to prevent further infections.

Short Descr DRAINAGE OF TONSIL ABSCESS
Medium Descr I&D ABSCESS PERITONSILLAR
Long Descr Incision and drainage abscess; peritonsillar
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 010 - Minor Procedure
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 1 - Statutory payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Procedure or Service, Multiple Reduction Applies
ASC Payment Indicator Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P6C - Minor procedures - other (Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 2
CCS Clinical Classification 33 - Other OR therapeutic procedures on nose, mouth and pharynx
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
54 Surgical care only: when 1 physician or other qualified health care professional performs a surgical procedure and another provides preoperative and/or postoperative management, surgical services may be identified by adding modifier 54 to the usual procedure number.
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
AG Primary physician
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
X4 Episodic/focused services: for reporting services by clinicians who provide focused care on particular types of treatment limited to a defined period and circumstance; the patient has a problem, acute or chronic, that will be treated with surgery, radiation, or some other type of generally time-limited intervention; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the orthopedic surgeon performing a knee replacement and seeing the patient through the postoperative period
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
Date
Action
Notes
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
Code
Description
Code
Description
Code
Description
Code
Description
Code
Description
CasePilot

Get instant expert-level medical coding assistance.

Ask about:
CPT Codes Guidelines Modifiers Crosswalks NCCI Edits Compliance Medicare Coverage
Example: "What is CPT code 99213?" or "Guidelines for E/M services"