© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a specialized procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts and pancreatic duct. During this procedure, an endoscope, which is a flexible tube equipped with a camera and light, is carefully inserted through the patient's mouth, advancing through the esophagus and stomach, and into the duodenum. The goal is to reach the Ampulla of Vater, the anatomical site where the pancreatic duct and common bile duct converge. Once the endoscope is positioned correctly, a smaller catheter is introduced through the endoscope to cannulate the Ampulla of Vater. This allows for the injection of contrast dye into the ducts, enabling visualization of the biliary tract, gallbladder, and pancreas via x-ray imaging. The procedure is particularly important for identifying blockages, stones, or other abnormalities within these ducts. Following the visualization, a nasobiliary or nasopancreatic drainage tube is inserted into the appropriate duct to facilitate the drainage of secretions. This drainage tube extends from the duct through the gastrointestinal tract and exits through the nose, serving to prevent the accumulation of bile or pancreatic secretions in the abdominal cavity, which could lead to complications such as infection or inflammation.
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