© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a specialized procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the bile ducts and pancreatic duct. This procedure is particularly indicated when there are tumors, polyps, or other lesions that cannot be removed using standard techniques such as hot biopsy forceps, bipolar cautery, or snare techniques. During ERCP, a flexible endoscope is inserted through the esophagus, traversing the stomach, and advancing into the duodenum until it reaches the Ampulla of Vater, where the pancreatic duct and common bile duct converge. At this juncture, a smaller catheter is introduced through the endoscope to cannulate the Ampulla of Vater, allowing for the injection of contrast dye into the ducts. This contrast dye facilitates the visualization of the common bile duct, biliary tract, gallbladder, and pancreas through x-ray imaging, which is captured immediately after the dye is injected. Following this, the catheter is maneuvered over a guidewire into the relevant ducts, enabling a thorough examination for any tumors, polyps, or lesions. If such lesions are identified, an ablation device is utilized to target and treat the lesions, employing methods other than those previously mentioned, thereby allowing for the removal of one or more lesions effectively.
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