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An esophagogastric fundoplasty is a surgical procedure aimed at correcting issues related to the esophagus and stomach, particularly in cases of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or hiatal hernias. This procedure involves the manipulation of the stomach's fundus, which is the uppermost part of the stomach, to create a wrap around the esophagus. The primary goal of this surgery is to enhance the function of the lower esophageal sphincter, thereby preventing the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. There are three commonly utilized techniques for performing this procedure: the Nissen fundoplication, the Belsey IV fundoplication, and the Hill gastropexy. Each technique has its specific approach and method of wrapping the stomach around the esophagus, which can vary in the degree of wrap and the surgical approach used (abdominal or thoracic). The Nissen fundoplication involves a complete 360-degree wrap, while the Belsey IV procedure creates a partial 270-degree wrap, and the Hill procedure focuses on anchoring the stomach to the diaphragm to prevent displacement. Understanding these techniques is crucial for medical coders and billers, as they must accurately code the specific procedure performed based on the surgical approach and technique utilized.
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