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Official Description

Laparoscopy, surgical, gastric restrictive procedure; longitudinal gastrectomy (ie, sleeve gastrectomy)

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

Sleeve gastrectomy, also known as a longitudinal gastrectomy, is a surgical procedure classified under bariatric surgery aimed at weight loss. This operation involves the removal of a significant portion of the stomach, specifically more than 85 percent, which results in the creation of a narrow vertical sleeve. The procedure is performed laparoscopically, meaning it is done through small incisions in the abdomen rather than through a large open incision. This minimally invasive approach typically leads to reduced recovery times and less postoperative pain for patients. During the surgery, a small incision is made to establish pneumoperitoneum, which is the introduction of gas into the abdominal cavity to create space for the surgical instruments. Additional incisions are made in the upper abdomen for the placement of trocars, which are specialized instruments that allow access to the abdominal cavity. A laparoscope, a camera that provides visualization of the surgical area, is introduced through a port created above the umbilicus. The liver is retracted to provide better access to the stomach, and the greater curvature of the stomach is mobilized by dividing the gastric vessels along this curvature. The procedure involves the use of a bougie, which is inserted endoscopically to size the remaining stomach, ensuring that the portion left intact is appropriate for effective weight loss. A gastric stapler is then employed to vertically divide the stomach, and the staple line is meticulously checked for any bleeding, which is managed using electrocautery. Finally, the excised portion of the stomach is removed through one of the ports, and the surgical instruments, including the laparoscope, are withdrawn. The incisions made during the procedure are then closed with sutures, completing the operation.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The sleeve gastrectomy procedure is indicated for patients who meet specific criteria related to obesity and associated health conditions. The following are the primary indications for performing this surgical intervention:

  • Obesity Patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, or a BMI of 35 or greater with obesity-related comorbidities, may be candidates for this procedure.
  • Weight Loss Individuals who have not achieved significant weight loss through non-surgical methods, such as diet and exercise, may be considered for sleeve gastrectomy as a more effective option.
  • Comorbid Conditions Patients suffering from obesity-related health issues, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, or joint problems, may benefit from the weight loss achieved through this procedure.

2. Procedure

The sleeve gastrectomy procedure involves several critical steps that are performed in a specific sequence to ensure safety and effectiveness. The following outlines the procedural steps:

  • Step 1: Establishing Pneumoperitoneum The procedure begins with the creation of a small incision in the abdomen to establish pneumoperitoneum, which involves the introduction of carbon dioxide gas into the abdominal cavity. This step is crucial as it creates a working space for the surgeon to operate with minimal invasiveness.
  • Step 2: Insertion of Trocars Following the establishment of pneumoperitoneum, additional small incisions are made in the upper abdomen. Trocars, which are specialized instruments, are then inserted through these incisions to facilitate access to the abdominal cavity for surgical instruments.
  • Step 3: Introduction of the Laparoscope A fifth small incision is made just above the umbilicus, through which the laparoscope is introduced. The laparoscope is equipped with a camera that provides visualization of the surgical field, allowing the surgeon to perform the procedure with precision.
  • Step 4: Mobilization of the Stomach The liver is retracted to improve access to the stomach. The greater curvature of the stomach is then mobilized by carefully dividing the gastric vessels along this curvature, which is essential for the subsequent steps of the procedure.
  • Step 5: Insertion of the Bougie Once the greater curvature is fully mobilized, a bougie is inserted endoscopically through the esophagus and into the stomach. The bougie serves as a sizing tool to determine the appropriate size of the remaining stomach after the gastrectomy.
  • Step 6: Division of the Stomach A gastric stapler is utilized to vertically divide the stomach along the marked line, effectively removing the majority of the stomach while leaving a narrow sleeve intact. This step is critical for achieving the desired weight loss outcomes.
  • Step 7: Checking the Staple Line After the stomach is divided, the staple line is thoroughly checked for any signs of bleeding. If any bleeding is detected, it is controlled using electrocautery to ensure patient safety.
  • Step 8: Removal of the Stomach Portion The severed portion of the stomach is then removed through one of the ports, completing the resection of the stomach.
  • Step 9: Closure of Incisions Finally, all surgical tools and the laparoscope are removed, and the portal incisions are closed with sutures to ensure proper healing.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care following a sleeve gastrectomy is essential for ensuring a successful recovery. Patients are typically monitored in a recovery area for any immediate complications. It is common for patients to experience some discomfort and pain, which can be managed with prescribed medications. A gradual return to normal activities is encouraged, with specific dietary guidelines provided to facilitate healing and promote weight loss. Patients are usually advised to start with a liquid diet, progressing to pureed foods, and eventually to solid foods as tolerated. Follow-up appointments are crucial for monitoring weight loss progress and addressing any potential complications. Additionally, patients may be referred to a nutritionist for guidance on maintaining a healthy diet post-surgery.

Short Descr LAP SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY
Medium Descr LAPS GSTRC RSTRICTIV PX LONGITUDINAL GASTRECTOMY
Long Descr Laparoscopy, surgical, gastric restrictive procedure; longitudinal gastrectomy (ie, sleeve gastrectomy)
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Inpatient Procedures, not paid under OPPS
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P1G - Major procedure - Other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 244 - Gastric bypass and volume reduction

This is a primary code that can be used with these additional add-on codes.

49327 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N ASC N1 Laparoscopy, surgical; with placement of interstitial device(s) for radiation therapy guidance (eg, fiducial markers, dosimeter), intra-abdominal, intrapelvic, and/or retroperitoneum, including imaging guidance, if performed, single or multiple (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
53 Discontinued procedure: under certain circumstances, the physician or other qualified health care professional may elect to terminate a surgical or diagnostic procedure. due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient, it may be necessary to indicate that a surgical or diagnostic procedure was started but discontinued. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 53 to the code reported by the individual for the discontinued procedure. note: this modifier is not used to report the elective cancellation of a procedure prior to the patient's anesthesia induction and/or surgical preparation in the operating suite. for outpatient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (asc) reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
54 Surgical care only: when 1 physician or other qualified health care professional performs a surgical procedure and another provides preoperative and/or postoperative management, surgical services may be identified by adding modifier 54 to the usual procedure number.
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
62 Two surgeons: when 2 surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct part(s) of a procedure, each surgeon should report his/her distinct operative work by adding modifier 62 to the procedure code and any associated add-on code(s) for that procedure as long as both surgeons continue to work together as primary surgeons. each surgeon should report the co-surgery once using the same procedure code. if additional procedure(s) (including add-on procedure(s) are performed during the same surgical session, separate code(s) may also be reported with modifier 62 added. note: if a co-surgeon acts as an assistant in the performance of additional procedure(s), other than those reported with the modifier 62, during the same surgical session, those services may be reported using separate procedure code(s) with modifier 80 or modifier 82 added, as appropriate.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
77 Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
93 Synchronous telemedicine service rendered via telephone or other real-time interactive audio-only telecommunications system : synchronous telemedicine service is defined as a real-time interaction between a physician or other qualified health care professional and a patient who is located away at a distant site from the physician or other qualified health care professional. the totality of the communication of information exchanged between the physician or other qualified health care professional and the patient during the course of the synchronous telemedicine service must be of an amount and nature that is sufficient to meet the key components and/or requirements of the same service when rendered via a face-to-face interaction.
AG Primary physician
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GY Item or service statutorily excluded, does not meet the definition of any medicare benefit or, for non-medicare insurers, is not a contract benefit
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
KX Requirements specified in the medical policy have been met
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
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2013-01-01 Changed Guideline information changed.
2010-01-01 Added -
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