CPT® Code 45300

Proctosigmoidoscopy, rigid; diagnostic, with or without collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing (separate procedure)

A diagnostic rigid proctosigmoidoscopy, as described by CPT® Code 45300, is a medical procedure that involves the examination of the rectum and the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon) using a specialized instrument known as a proctosigmoidoscope. This procedure is performed to evaluate various gastrointestinal symptoms and conditions. During the examination, an obturator is first inserted into the proctosigmoidoscope, which is then gently introduced into the anus and advanced approximately 5 centimeters into the rectum. Once in position, the obturator is removed, and an eyepiece is attached to allow for visualization. The proctosigmoidoscope is advanced further into the rectum, utilizing air insufflation to separate the mucosal folds for a clearer view. The scope is maneuvered to reach the rectosigmoid junction and, if feasible, a short distance into the sigmoid colon. After the examination, the scope is carefully withdrawn, allowing for a thorough inspection of the mucosal lining. During this process, cytology samples may be collected using a brush, or alternatively, water may be introduced to wash the mucosal lining, with the fluid subsequently aspirated to obtain cell samples. These cytology samples are then sent for laboratory analysis, which is reported separately. This procedure is crucial for diagnosing conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, polyps, or malignancies in the lower gastrointestinal tract.