CPT® Code 46080

The procedure described by CPT® Code 46080 refers to a sphincterotomy of the anal region, specifically the division of the anal sphincter as a separate procedure. The anal sphincters consist of two main components: the internal and external anal sphincters, which are circular muscles that encircle the anus. Their primary function is to maintain closure of the anal opening, allowing for the storage of stool in the rectum until it is appropriate to defecate. The internal anal sphincter operates involuntarily, meaning it is not consciously controlled, while the external sphincter is under voluntary control. In cases where the resting pressure of the internal sphincter is excessively high, it may lead to spasms, which can hinder the healing process of anal fissures—painful tears in the mucous membrane of the anus. The sphincterotomy procedure involves making a lateral incision in the internal anal sphincter to relieve muscle tension. This incision does not completely sever the muscle ring but rather divides the muscle tissue sufficiently to alleviate spasms, thereby facilitating easier passage of stool and promoting the healing of fissures.