CPT® Code 50075

Nephrolithotomy is a surgical procedure specifically designed for the removal of large kidney stones, known as staghorn calculi, which can fill the renal pelvis and calyces. This procedure is particularly indicated when the stone is large and complex, often associated with congenital kidney abnormalities. The term "staghorn calculus" refers to a type of kidney stone that has a branching structure, resembling the antlers of a stag, and typically involves the renal pelvis and extends into multiple calyces. The procedure begins with a surgical incision over the kidney, allowing the surgeon to access the renal tissue directly. Through careful dissection of the surrounding soft tissues and identification of blood vessels, the kidney is exposed for examination. An incision is made in the kidney to access the stone, which is then meticulously removed and sent for laboratory analysis. The procedure may involve techniques such as anatrophic nephrolithotomy or anatrophic pyelolithotomy to ensure complete removal of the stone and any fragments. Post-operative care includes the placement of drains as necessary and layered closure of the incision site. This detailed approach is essential for effectively treating patients with significant renal calculi while minimizing complications and ensuring thorough recovery.