CPT® Code 50590

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive medical procedure primarily used for the treatment of renal and ureteral stones, commonly referred to as calculi. This technique utilizes high-energy shock waves to break down stones into smaller fragments, facilitating their passage through the urinary tract. The procedure is favored due to its effectiveness and minimal recovery time compared to more invasive surgical options. The lithotripsy machine is composed of four essential components: a shock-wave generator that produces the energy needed to fragment the stones, a focusing system that directs the shock waves precisely at the stone, a coupling mechanism that ensures effective transmission of the shock waves through the skin, and an imaging unit that aids in locating the stone and monitoring its fragmentation during the procedure. The use of fluoroscopic or ultrasound imaging is critical for accurately positioning the stone within the focus of the shock waves, ensuring optimal treatment outcomes. Overall, ESWL represents a significant advancement in the management of urinary stones, providing patients with a less painful and more efficient alternative to traditional surgical methods.