CPT® Code 51570

Complete cystectomy, as defined by CPT® Code 51570, is a surgical procedure that involves the total removal of the bladder. This procedure is indicated for various medical conditions that severely affect bladder function or pose significant health risks. Common reasons for performing a complete cystectomy include malignant neoplasms, which are cancerous tumors that can invade bladder tissue; severe radiation or chemical cystitis, which is inflammation of the bladder caused by radiation therapy or chemical irritants; and refractory interstitial cystitis, a chronic condition characterized by bladder pain and frequent urination that does not respond to standard treatments. Other indications include hemorrhagic cystitis, which involves bleeding from the bladder; neurogenic bladder disease, where nerve damage affects bladder control; severe incontinence that cannot be managed by other means; trauma to the bladder; the presence of fistulas, which are abnormal connections between the bladder and other structures; upper urinary tract obstruction; and refractory urethral stricture, a narrowing of the urethra that impedes urine flow. The surgical approach typically involves an extraperitoneal technique, especially if urinary diversion has been previously established. The procedure is initiated with an incision, followed by careful dissection and removal of the bladder while preserving surrounding structures as much as possible, ensuring a thorough and complete excision of the bladder tissue.