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Official Description

Cystectomy, complete, with ureterosigmoidostomy or ureterocutaneous transplantations; with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy, including external iliac, hypogastric, and obturator nodes

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 51585 refers to a complete cystectomy procedure that includes the surgical removal of the bladder along with the creation of a urinary diversion, specifically through ureterosigmoidostomy or ureterocutaneous transplantation. This procedure is typically indicated for patients with severe bladder conditions, such as cancer, that necessitate the complete removal of the bladder. The surgical approach is intraperitoneal, meaning that the operation is conducted within the peritoneal cavity, which houses the abdominal organs. The procedure begins with a midline incision in the abdomen, allowing access to the pelvic region. Prior to entering the peritoneum, the surgeon dissects the pelvic lymph nodes, which may be necessary for staging or treatment of malignancies. The procedure also involves the meticulous dissection of fatty tissue surrounding the common iliac vessels and the excision of lymph nodes in the iliac, hypogastric, and obturator regions bilaterally. Following the opening of the peritoneum, the small bowel is temporarily moved out of the surgical field to expose the ureters, which are then mobilized and divided at the ureterovesical junction. A segment of the sigmoid colon is prepared to create a new pathway for urine drainage, and the ureters are anastomosed to this segment. The procedure concludes with the removal of the bladder and the closure of surgical incisions, ensuring that all necessary structures are addressed for optimal patient recovery and function.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure described by CPT® Code 51585 is indicated for patients with conditions that require the complete removal of the bladder, often due to malignancies or severe bladder dysfunction. The following are specific indications for performing this procedure:

  • Bladder Cancer Patients diagnosed with invasive bladder cancer that necessitates the removal of the bladder to prevent the spread of cancerous cells.
  • Severe Bladder Dysfunction Conditions leading to significant impairment of bladder function, which may include neurogenic bladder or other debilitating urinary disorders.
  • Bladder Trauma Cases of severe trauma to the bladder that cannot be repaired and require complete cystectomy.
  • Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Patients experiencing chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections that are unresponsive to other treatments may also be candidates for this procedure.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 51585 involves several critical steps that ensure the successful removal of the bladder and the establishment of a urinary diversion. The following outlines the procedural steps:

  • Step 1: Incision and Lymph Node Dissection The procedure begins with a midline incision in the abdomen. Before the peritoneum is opened, the surgeon dissects the pelvic lymph nodes as necessary, which may include the external iliac, hypogastric, and obturator nodes. This step is crucial for assessing the extent of any malignancy and ensuring comprehensive treatment.
  • Step 2: Exposure of Ureters After the peritoneum is opened, the small bowel is isolated and moved out of the surgical field. The ureters are then exposed and mobilized carefully to preserve the surrounding perirenal tissue and blood supply. The ureters are divided as close to the ureterovesical junction as possible to facilitate the subsequent urinary diversion.
  • Step 3: Preparation of the Sigmoid Colon A segment of the sigmoid colon is selected and mobilized. A tunnel is created from the sigmoid colon to the ureters, allowing for the ureters to be pulled through this tunnel and into the lumen of the sigmoid colon.
  • Step 4: Ureteral Anastomosis The ends of the ureters are spatulated along the anterior aspect to facilitate a secure connection. Stents are placed in both ureters, and the ureters are then anastomosed to the sigmoid colon. The stents are pulled through the colon, exiting through the anus, or alternatively, the ureters may be transplanted to the skin.
  • Step 5: Bladder Mobilization and Removal Following the urinary diversion, the bladder is mobilized using blunt and sharp dissection. The superior bladder pedicles are clamped and divided, and any remaining portions of the distal ureters are freed from surrounding structures. The dissection continues until the bladder is completely detached from all surrounding tissues.
  • Step 6: Closure The lateral vascular pedicles are ligated and divided, and the urethra is cut to remove the bladder. Drains are placed as necessary, and the surgical incisions are closed in layers to promote healing.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the procedure, patients typically require careful monitoring and management of their recovery. Post-operative care may include the management of drains, monitoring for signs of infection, and ensuring proper urinary function through the newly established diversion. Patients may experience a period of adjustment as they adapt to the changes in urinary function. Follow-up appointments are essential to assess healing, manage any complications, and provide education on the care of the urinary diversion, whether it is through the sigmoid colon or a stoma. Pain management and rehabilitation may also be part of the post-procedure care plan to support the patient's recovery.

Short Descr REMOVAL OF BLADDER & NODES
Medium Descr CYSTECTOMY W/URETEROSIGMOID BI PELV LYMPH NODES
Long Descr Cystectomy, complete, with ureterosigmoidostomy or ureterocutaneous transplantations; with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy, including external iliac, hypogastric, and obturator nodes
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 2 - 150% payment adjustment does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Inpatient Procedures, not paid under OPPS
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P1G - Major procedure - Other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 112 - Other OR therapeutic procedures of urinary tract
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
62 Two surgeons: when 2 surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct part(s) of a procedure, each surgeon should report his/her distinct operative work by adding modifier 62 to the procedure code and any associated add-on code(s) for that procedure as long as both surgeons continue to work together as primary surgeons. each surgeon should report the co-surgery once using the same procedure code. if additional procedure(s) (including add-on procedure(s) are performed during the same surgical session, separate code(s) may also be reported with modifier 62 added. note: if a co-surgeon acts as an assistant in the performance of additional procedure(s), other than those reported with the modifier 62, during the same surgical session, those services may be reported using separate procedure code(s) with modifier 80 or modifier 82 added, as appropriate.
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
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