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Official Description

Cystourethroscopy, with fulguration (including cryosurgery or laser surgery) of trigone, bladder neck, prostatic fossa, urethra, or periurethral glands

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

Cystourethroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows healthcare professionals to visualize the interior of the bladder and urethra. This procedure is particularly important for diagnosing and treating various conditions affecting these areas. During cystourethroscopy, abnormal tissue located in critical regions such as the bladder trigone, bladder neck, prostatic fossa, urethra, or periurethral glands can be targeted for destruction. The technique involves the use of a high-frequency electrical current, which is applied to eliminate the abnormal tissue effectively. Prior to the procedure, the urethral orifice is cleansed with an antiseptic solution to minimize the risk of infection. A cystoscope, which can be either rigid or flexible, is then inserted through the urethra into the bladder. To enhance visualization, sterile saline may be introduced into the bladder, allowing for a clearer view of the bladder wall and its structures. The procedure includes a thorough inspection of the bladder and identification of the ureteral orifices. Following this, the cystoscope is withdrawn to examine the prostatic fossa, urethra, and periurethral glands, where any abnormal tissue is documented. An electrocautery device is subsequently advanced through the urethroscope to the site of the abnormal tissue, where it is activated to destroy the lesion. In some cases, alternative methods such as laser or cryosurgery may be employed to achieve the same goal. After the destruction of the abnormal tissue, the bladder trigone, neck, prostatic fossa, urethra, and periurethral glands are re-inspected to confirm that all targeted tissue has been adequately treated before the cystoscope is removed.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure of cystourethroscopy with fulguration is indicated for various conditions affecting the bladder and urethra. The following are the explicitly provided indications for performing this procedure:

  • Abnormal Tissue Presence The procedure is indicated when there is abnormal tissue identified in the distal aspect of the bladder, including the bladder trigone, bladder neck, prostatic fossa, urethra, or periurethral glands.
  • Diagnostic Evaluation Cystourethroscopy is performed to evaluate symptoms such as hematuria (blood in urine), urinary incontinence, or recurrent urinary tract infections, which may suggest underlying abnormalities.
  • Treatment of Lesions The procedure is indicated for the treatment of lesions or growths that require destruction to alleviate symptoms or prevent further complications.

2. Procedure

The cystourethroscopy with fulguration procedure involves several detailed steps to ensure effective visualization and treatment of the bladder and urethra. The following procedural steps are performed:

  • Step 1: Preparation The patient is positioned appropriately, and the urethral orifice is cleansed with an antiseptic solution to reduce the risk of infection prior to the procedure.
  • Step 2: Introduction of Cystoscope A rigid or flexible cystoscope is carefully introduced through the urethra into the bladder. This instrument allows for direct visualization of the bladder's interior.
  • Step 3: Bladder Filling Sterile saline may be instilled into the bladder to enhance visibility of the bladder wall and its structures during the examination.
  • Step 4: Bladder Inspection The bladder is thoroughly inspected, and the ureteral orifices are identified and examined to assess their condition and functionality.
  • Step 5: Examination of Urethra and Glands The cystoscope is withdrawn to examine the prostatic fossa, urethra, and periurethral glands, where any abnormal tissue is noted for further action.
  • Step 6: Fulguration of Abnormal Tissue An electrocautery device is advanced through the urethroscope to the site of the abnormal tissue. The device is activated to destroy the lesion effectively. Alternatively, a laser or cryoprobe may be utilized for the same purpose.
  • Step 7: Final Inspection Upon completion of the tissue destruction, the bladder trigone, neck, prostatic fossa, urethra, and periurethral glands are re-inspected to ensure that all abnormal tissue has been adequately treated.
  • Step 8: Removal of Cystoscope Finally, the cystoscope is carefully removed from the urethra, concluding the procedure.

3. Post-Procedure

After the cystourethroscopy with fulguration, patients may experience some discomfort or mild bleeding, which is generally expected. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor the patient for any signs of complications, such as excessive bleeding or infection. Patients may be advised to drink plenty of fluids to help flush the bladder and reduce irritation. Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to assess recovery and the effectiveness of the procedure. Additionally, any specific post-procedure care instructions should be provided to the patient to ensure proper healing and to address any concerns that may arise during the recovery period.

Short Descr CYSTOSCOPY AND TREATMENT
Medium Descr CYSTO W/DESTRUCTION OF LESIONS
Long Descr Cystourethroscopy, with fulguration (including cryosurgery or laser surgery) of trigone, bladder neck, prostatic fossa, urethra, or periurethral glands
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 000 - Endoscopic or Minor Procedure
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 3 - Special payment adjustment rules for multiple endoscopic procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 1 - Statutory payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Endoscopic Base Code 52000  Cystourethroscopy (separate procedure)
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P8E - Endoscopy - cystoscopy
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 101 - Transurethral excision, drainage, or removal urinary obstruction

This is a primary code that can be used with these additional add-on codes.

C9738 Medicare Coverage: Special Coverage Instructions Add-on Code APC N ASC N1 Adjunctive blue light cystoscopy with fluorescent imaging agent (list separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
53 Discontinued procedure: under certain circumstances, the physician or other qualified health care professional may elect to terminate a surgical or diagnostic procedure. due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient, it may be necessary to indicate that a surgical or diagnostic procedure was started but discontinued. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 53 to the code reported by the individual for the discontinued procedure. note: this modifier is not used to report the elective cancellation of a procedure prior to the patient's anesthesia induction and/or surgical preparation in the operating suite. for outpatient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (asc) reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
74 Discontinued out-patient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (asc) procedure after administration of anesthesia: due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient, the physician may terminate a surgical or diagnostic procedure after the administration of anesthesia (local, regional block(s), general) or after the procedure was started (incision made, intubation started, scope inserted, etc). under these circumstances, the procedure started but terminated can be reported by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 74. note: the elective cancellation of a service prior to the administration of anesthesia and/or surgical preparation of the patient should not be reported. for physician reporting of a discontinued procedure, see modifier 53.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
AG Primary physician
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
SG Ambulatory surgical center (asc) facility service
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
XP Separate practitioner, a service that is distinct because it was performed by a different practitioner
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
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Notes
2011-01-01 Changed Medium description changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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