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Official Description

Cystourethroscopy, with dilation of bladder for interstitial cystitis; local anesthesia

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

Interstitial cystitis (IC), commonly known as painful bladder syndrome, is a chronic condition characterized by recurring pain in the bladder and pelvic region, often accompanied by a frequent urge to urinate. The procedure coded as CPT® 52265 involves cystourethroscopy, which is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that allows for direct visualization of the bladder and urethra. During this procedure, a cystoscope, which can be either rigid or flexible, is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. This enables the physician to inspect the bladder's interior, identify the ureteral orifices, and assess any areas of inflammation, scarring, or fibrosis that may be present. Additionally, any ulcerations in the bladder wall are documented. A key component of this procedure is the dilation of the bladder, which is performed to alleviate symptoms associated with interstitial cystitis. This dilation is achieved by introducing a catheter and filling the bladder with either normal saline or gas, sometimes mixed with a local anesthetic agent to enhance patient comfort. The saline or gas is retained in the bladder for a duration of 10 to 15 minutes before being removed, followed by a re-examination of the bladder and urethra using the cystoscope. It is important to note that this specific code is applicable when the procedure is performed under local anesthesia, distinguishing it from similar procedures that may utilize general or conduction anesthesia.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure coded as CPT® 52265 is indicated for patients diagnosed with interstitial cystitis (IC), which is characterized by symptoms such as:

  • Recurring bladder pain - Patients experience persistent discomfort in the bladder area.
  • Pelvic pain - Pain may extend to the pelvic region, contributing to overall discomfort.
  • Frequent urination - Patients often have an increased urge to urinate, which can disrupt daily activities.

2. Procedure

The procedure involves several key steps to ensure thorough examination and treatment of the bladder:

  • Preparation - The urethral orifice is first cleansed with an antiseptic solution to minimize the risk of infection during the procedure.
  • Introduction of the cystoscope - A rigid or flexible cystoscope is then carefully introduced through the urethra and into the bladder, allowing for direct visualization of the bladder's interior.
  • Inspection of the bladder - Once inside, the physician inspects the bladder for any abnormalities, including inflammation, scarring, and fibrosis. The ureteral orifices are also identified and examined for any issues.
  • Assessment of ulcerations - The physician notes any ulcerations present in the bladder wall, which are significant in the context of interstitial cystitis.
  • Bladder distention - To perform bladder dilation, a catheter is inserted, and the bladder is filled with normal saline or gas. If normal saline is used, it may be mixed with a local anesthetic agent to enhance patient comfort during the procedure.
  • Retention of fluid - The saline or gas is retained in the bladder for approximately 10 to 15 minutes to allow for effective dilation.
  • Removal of fluid and catheter - After the retention period, the saline or gas is removed, and the catheter is taken out.
  • Final examination - The bladder and urethra may be re-examined using the cystoscope to ensure that all areas have been adequately assessed before the cystoscope is finally removed.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the cystourethroscopy with bladder dilation, patients may experience some discomfort, which is typically managed with local anesthetics. It is important for patients to follow any post-procedure care instructions provided by their healthcare provider, which may include recommendations for hydration and monitoring for any unusual symptoms. Recovery time can vary, but many patients are able to resume normal activities shortly after the procedure, depending on their individual circumstances and the extent of the intervention performed.

Short Descr CYSTOSCOPY AND TREATMENT
Medium Descr CYSTOURETHROSCOPY W/DIL BLADDER LOCAL ANESTHESIA
Long Descr Cystourethroscopy, with dilation of bladder for interstitial cystitis; local anesthesia
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 000 - Endoscopic or Minor Procedure
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 3 - Special payment adjustment rules for multiple endoscopic procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 1 - Statutory payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Endoscopic Base Code 52000  Cystourethroscopy (separate procedure)
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Office-based surgical procedure added to ASC list in CY 2008 or later with MPFS nonfacility PE RVUs; payment based on MPFS nonfacility PE RVUs.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P8E - Endoscopy - cystoscopy
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 111 - Other non-OR therapeutic procedures of urinary tract
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
2011-01-01 Changed Medium description changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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