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Official Description

Urethrectomy, total, including cystostomy; female

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

A total urethrectomy in females involves the complete surgical removal of the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra in women is anatomically situated in the pelvic floor, specifically in the perineum, positioned anteriorly and superiorly to the vagina. This procedure is performed to address various medical conditions that may necessitate the removal of the urethra, such as severe trauma, malignancies, or chronic infections. During the operation, a urethral catheter is first inserted to facilitate urine drainage. The surgeon makes an incision around the external urethra and carefully dissects the urethra from the surrounding tissues. Key anatomical structures, including the pubourethral ligament and the urethropelvic ligaments, are identified and transected to free the urethra completely. Once the urethra is entirely detached from the bladder neck to the external meatus, an incision is made above the pubis to access the bladder. The bladder neck is then dissected, and the urethra is excised. To ensure proper urine drainage post-surgery, a cystostomy is created, which involves making an incision in the lower abdomen, excising a section of the rectus fascia, and securing the bladder to the abdominal wall. This comprehensive procedure is critical for patients requiring total urethrectomy and cystostomy, as it addresses significant urinary issues while ensuring that urine can still be effectively drained from the bladder.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The total urethrectomy procedure is indicated for various medical conditions affecting the female urethra. These may include:

  • Malignancies - Cancerous growths in the urethra or surrounding tissues that necessitate removal to prevent further spread.
  • Severe Trauma - Significant injury to the urethra that may compromise its integrity and function.
  • Chronic Infections - Persistent infections that do not respond to conservative treatments and may lead to further complications.
  • Congenital Anomalies - Birth defects affecting the urethra that may require surgical intervention for proper urinary function.

2. Procedure

The total urethrectomy procedure involves several critical steps to ensure the complete removal of the urethra and the creation of a cystostomy. The steps are as follows:

  • Step 1: A urethral catheter is inserted to facilitate urine drainage during the procedure. This is essential for managing urinary output while the urethra is being removed.
  • Step 2: An incision is made around the external urethra, allowing the surgeon to access the urethra and begin the dissection process. Care is taken to minimize damage to surrounding tissues.
  • Step 3: The urethra is meticulously dissected free from the surrounding tissue. This includes exposing and transecting the pubourethral ligament, which supports the urethra.
  • Step 4: The posterior aspect of the urethra is separated from the vaginal septum, ensuring that the urethra is completely isolated from adjacent structures.
  • Step 5: The right and left urethropelvic ligaments are identified, isolated, and transected to further free the urethra from its attachments.
  • Step 6: Once the urethra is entirely free from all surrounding tissues, an incision is made just above the pubis to access the bladder.
  • Step 7: The isolated urethra is pulled into the pelvis, and the bladder neck is dissected from surrounding tissue to prepare for excision.
  • Step 8: The urethra is excised at the level of the bladder neck, and the urethral catheter is removed along with the urethra.
  • Step 9: The bladder neck is then closed with sutures to restore continuity and function.
  • Step 10: A cystostomy is created by making an incision in the lower abdomen, excising a triangular section of the rectus fascia, and incising the rectus muscle to expose the dome of the bladder.
  • Step 11: The bladder is opened, and the bladder wall is secured to the opening in the rectus fascia with sutures, ensuring that the bladder is properly anchored.
  • Step 12: The bladder epithelium is secured to the skin, and a catheter or tube is inserted and secured to the abdominal wall with sutures to facilitate urine drainage.

3. Post-Procedure

After the total urethrectomy and cystostomy, patients will require careful monitoring and post-operative care. The expected recovery includes managing the cystostomy site to prevent infection and ensuring proper urine drainage. Patients may experience discomfort and will be advised on how to care for the catheter or tube inserted into the abdominal wall. Follow-up appointments will be necessary to assess healing and address any complications that may arise. It is crucial for patients to adhere to post-operative instructions provided by their healthcare team to promote optimal recovery.

Short Descr REMOVAL OF URETHRA
Medium Descr URETHRECTOMY TOT W/CYSTOST FEMALE
Long Descr Urethrectomy, total, including cystostomy; female
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P1G - Major procedure - Other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 109 - Procedures on the urethra
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
62 Two surgeons: when 2 surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct part(s) of a procedure, each surgeon should report his/her distinct operative work by adding modifier 62 to the procedure code and any associated add-on code(s) for that procedure as long as both surgeons continue to work together as primary surgeons. each surgeon should report the co-surgery once using the same procedure code. if additional procedure(s) (including add-on procedure(s) are performed during the same surgical session, separate code(s) may also be reported with modifier 62 added. note: if a co-surgeon acts as an assistant in the performance of additional procedure(s), other than those reported with the modifier 62, during the same surgical session, those services may be reported using separate procedure code(s) with modifier 80 or modifier 82 added, as appropriate.
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
KX Requirements specified in the medical policy have been met
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
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