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Official Description

Resection or excision of neoplastic, vascular or infectious lesion of base of posterior cranial fossa, jugular foramen, foramen magnum, or C1-C3 vertebral bodies; intradural, including dural repair, with or without graft

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 61616 involves the surgical removal of a lesion that may be neoplastic (tumor-related), vascular (related to blood vessels), or infectious in nature. This procedure specifically targets lesions located at the base of the posterior cranial fossa, which is the area of the skull that houses the brainstem and cerebellum. The surgical site may include critical anatomical structures such as the jugular foramen, foramen magnum, or the C1 to C3 vertebral bodies, which are the uppermost vertebrae in the cervical spine. The operation is performed intradurally, meaning that it occurs within the dura mater, the tough outer membrane that encases the brain and spinal cord. Following the excision of the lesion, the dura mater must be repaired to restore its integrity, which may involve the use of a graft. This graft can be sourced from another part of the patient's body, ensuring that the protective covering of the brain is adequately restored after the lesion has been removed.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure associated with CPT® Code 61616 is indicated for the removal of lesions that may present various challenges or risks to the patient’s health. The specific indications for this procedure include:

  • Neoplastic Lesions These are abnormal growths that may be benign or malignant, requiring surgical intervention to prevent further complications or to alleviate symptoms.
  • Vascular Lesions These lesions involve blood vessels and may lead to issues such as bleeding or compromised blood flow, necessitating their removal to restore normal vascular function.
  • Infectious Lesions These lesions are caused by infections that can lead to inflammation or other complications, making surgical excision necessary to eliminate the source of infection and promote healing.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 61616 involves several critical steps to ensure the safe and effective removal of the lesion. Each step is designed to address the complexities of the surgical site and the nature of the lesion.

  • Step 1: Anesthesia Administration The procedure begins with the administration of anesthesia to ensure the patient is comfortable and pain-free during the surgery. This may involve general anesthesia, allowing the patient to be completely unconscious and unaware of the procedure.
  • Step 2: Surgical Access The surgeon makes an incision at the appropriate location to access the posterior cranial fossa. This may involve careful dissection of surrounding tissues to minimize damage to critical structures.
  • Step 3: Lesion Identification and Excision Once access is achieved, the surgeon identifies the lesion located within the dura mater. The lesion is then carefully excised, ensuring that surrounding healthy tissue is preserved as much as possible.
  • Step 4: Dural Repair After the lesion has been removed, the dura mater is repaired to restore its protective function. This may involve suturing the dura or using a graft to reinforce the area, depending on the extent of the excision and the condition of the dura.
  • Step 5: Closure Finally, the incision is closed in layers, ensuring that all tissues are properly aligned and secured. This step is crucial for promoting healing and minimizing the risk of infection.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care for patients undergoing CPT® Code 61616 is essential for recovery and includes monitoring for any complications. Patients are typically observed in a recovery area until they are stable. Pain management is provided as needed, and the surgical site is monitored for signs of infection or other complications. Follow-up appointments are scheduled to assess healing and to ensure that the dura mater is intact and functioning properly. Patients may also receive instructions regarding activity restrictions and signs of potential complications that should prompt immediate medical attention.

Short Descr RESECT/EXCISE LESION SKULL
Medium Descr RESCJ/EXC LES BASE PCF FORAMEN VRT BODIES IDRL
Long Descr Resection or excision of neoplastic, vascular or infectious lesion of base of posterior cranial fossa, jugular foramen, foramen magnum, or C1-C3 vertebral bodies; intradural, including dural repair, with or without graft
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 2 - Team surgeons permitted; pay by report.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Inpatient Procedures, not paid under OPPS
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P1G - Major procedure - Other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 1 - Incision and excision of CNS

This is a primary code that can be used with these additional add-on codes.

69990 Addon Code MPFS Status: Restricted APC N ASC N1 PUB 100 CPT Assistant Article 1Microsurgical techniques, requiring use of operating microscope (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
62 Two surgeons: when 2 surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct part(s) of a procedure, each surgeon should report his/her distinct operative work by adding modifier 62 to the procedure code and any associated add-on code(s) for that procedure as long as both surgeons continue to work together as primary surgeons. each surgeon should report the co-surgery once using the same procedure code. if additional procedure(s) (including add-on procedure(s) are performed during the same surgical session, separate code(s) may also be reported with modifier 62 added. note: if a co-surgeon acts as an assistant in the performance of additional procedure(s), other than those reported with the modifier 62, during the same surgical session, those services may be reported using separate procedure code(s) with modifier 80 or modifier 82 added, as appropriate.
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
Date
Action
Notes
2011-01-01 Changed Short description changed.
1994-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 1994.
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