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A nerve biopsy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of a small segment of nerve tissue for diagnostic evaluation. This procedure is typically indicated when there is a need to investigate a nerve lesion or to determine the underlying cause of symptoms such as pain, weakness, or numbness, particularly when other diagnostic methods—such as patient history, clinical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies—have not provided a definitive diagnosis. During the procedure, a skin incision is made directly over the targeted nerve, allowing for access to the nerve tissue. The surrounding soft tissues are carefully dissected to expose the nerve, from which a tissue sample is obtained. This sample may consist of a portion of the nerve lesion or a small segment of the nerve itself, which is then sent to a laboratory for pathology examination. Following the biopsy, the soft tissue and skin are meticulously closed in layers to promote proper healing and minimize complications.
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