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Exenteration of the orbit is a surgical procedure primarily indicated for the removal of orbital tumors or intraocular tumors that have extended into the orbit or surrounding extraorbital structures, which may include the eyelids or the bony structures surrounding the eye. The procedure involves the complete removal of the contents of the orbit, which includes the eye itself and any associated tissues, while also addressing any underlying bony structures if necessary. The term 'exenteration' refers to the extensive nature of this surgery, which is performed to ensure that all diseased tissue is removed to prevent further complications or spread of malignancy. The procedure is complex and requires careful dissection and removal techniques to minimize damage to surrounding healthy tissues, particularly when the eyelid anatomy is intact. In cases where the eyelids are preserved, incisions are made strategically to allow for proper closure post-surgery. If the eyelids are completely excised, additional techniques such as skin grafting may be employed to facilitate closure of the surgical defect. This procedure is critical in managing severe orbital conditions and requires a thorough understanding of the anatomy and potential complications associated with the removal of orbital contents.
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Exenteration of the orbit is performed for the following indications:
The procedure of exenteration of the orbit involves several critical steps:
Post-procedure care for patients undergoing exenteration of the orbit includes monitoring for complications such as infection, bleeding, and proper healing of the surgical site. Patients may require pain management and should be advised on signs of complications that necessitate immediate medical attention. Follow-up appointments are essential to assess the healing process and to ensure that there are no signs of tumor recurrence. If skin grafts or flaps were used, additional care may be needed to monitor the viability of the grafts and the integration of the flaps into the surrounding tissue.
| Short Descr | REMOVE EYE/REVISE SOCKET | Medium Descr | EXENTERATION ORBIT RMVL ORBIT CONTENTS & BONE | Long Descr | Exenteration of orbit (does not include skin graft), removal of orbital contents; with therapeutic removal of bone | Status Code | Active Code | Global Days | 090 - Major Surgery | PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) | 0 - Physician Service Code | Multiple Procedures (51) | 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply. | Bilateral Surgery (50) | 1 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures applies. | Physician Supervisions | 09 - Concept does not apply. | Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) | 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure... | Co-Surgeons (62) | 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required... | Team Surgery (66) | 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure. | Diagnostic Imaging Family | 99 - Concept Does Not Apply | APC Status Indicator | Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC | ASC Payment Indicator | Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight. | Type of Service (TOS) | 2 - Surgery | Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) | P4E - Eye procedure - other | MUE | 1 | CCS Clinical Classification | 21 - Other extraocular muscle and orbit therapeutic procedures |
| 51 | Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d). | 58 | Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78. | 62 | Two surgeons: when 2 surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct part(s) of a procedure, each surgeon should report his/her distinct operative work by adding modifier 62 to the procedure code and any associated add-on code(s) for that procedure as long as both surgeons continue to work together as primary surgeons. each surgeon should report the co-surgery once using the same procedure code. if additional procedure(s) (including add-on procedure(s) are performed during the same surgical session, separate code(s) may also be reported with modifier 62 added. note: if a co-surgeon acts as an assistant in the performance of additional procedure(s), other than those reported with the modifier 62, during the same surgical session, those services may be reported using separate procedure code(s) with modifier 80 or modifier 82 added, as appropriate. | 78 | Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.) | 80 | Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s). | 82 | Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s). | AS | Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery | GC | This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician | LT | Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body) | RT | Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body) |
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