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Official Description

Orbitotomy with bone flap or window, lateral approach (eg, Kroenlein); with removal of bone for decompression

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 67445 refers to an orbitotomy performed through a lateral approach, specifically utilizing a bone flap or window technique. This surgical intervention is primarily aimed at decompressing the orbit, which is the bony cavity that houses the eye. The term 'orbitotomy' indicates that the surgery involves making an incision to access the orbit for exploration and treatment. In this case, the lateral approach allows the surgeon to reach the orbit by creating a bone flap or window in the zygomatic bone, which is located on the side of the face. The procedure begins with a lazy-S incision made in the upper eyelid crease, which helps to minimize visible scarring. During the surgery, the lateral rectus muscle, one of the muscles controlling eye movement, is carefully exposed and retracted to provide access to the underlying structures. The surgeon then dissects through the soft tissues to expose the zygomatic bone, incising the periosteum, which is the membrane covering the bone. This step is crucial as it allows for the drilling of holes in the bone, which are subsequently connected using an oscillating saw to create a window or flap. The periorbita, a layer of tissue surrounding the orbit, is also incised to facilitate access to the orbital contents. Once the orbit is accessed, the surgeon identifies the area requiring decompression, which may involve excising bone that is causing pressure on the orbital contents. After the necessary decompression is achieved, the orbital tissues are carefully reapproximated, and the zygomatic bone flap is replaced and secured in position using miniplates and screws. Finally, the periosteum, soft tissues, and skin of the eyelid are closed in layers, ensuring proper healing and restoration of the eyelid's appearance. This detailed approach is essential for alleviating pressure within the orbit and addressing any underlying conditions that may necessitate such a surgical intervention.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The orbitotomy with bone flap or window, as described by CPT® Code 67445, is indicated for various conditions that necessitate decompression of the orbit. The following are explicitly provided indications for this procedure:

  • Orbital Tumors - Presence of tumors within the orbit that may cause increased pressure or displacement of orbital contents.
  • Orbital Fractures - Fractures of the orbital bones that lead to entrapment of soft tissues or muscles, resulting in functional impairment or cosmetic concerns.
  • Thyroid Eye Disease - Conditions such as Graves' disease that result in swelling of the orbital tissues, necessitating decompression to relieve pressure on the optic nerve and improve vision.
  • Inflammatory Conditions - Inflammatory processes affecting the orbit that may lead to significant swelling and require surgical intervention for relief.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 67445 involves several detailed steps to ensure effective orbital decompression. Each step is crucial for achieving the desired outcome while minimizing complications.

  • Step 1: Incision - A lazy-S incision is made in the upper eyelid crease to provide access to the orbit while maintaining a cosmetic appearance. This incision allows the surgeon to reach the lateral aspect of the orbit effectively.
  • Step 2: Muscle Exposure - The lateral rectus muscle is carefully exposed and retracted to create a clear pathway to the underlying zygomatic bone. This step is essential for accessing the bone without damaging surrounding structures.
  • Step 3: Bone Exposure - Soft tissues are dissected to expose the zygomatic bone. The periosteum, which is the membrane covering the bone, is incised, and the edges are undermined to facilitate further access to the hard cortical bone.
  • Step 4: Bone Flap Creation - Holes are drilled into the zygomatic bone, and these holes are connected using an oscillating saw to create a bone window or flap. This flap will later be replaced after the decompression is performed.
  • Step 5: Periorbita Incision - The periorbita, a layer of tissue surrounding the orbit, is incised to allow access to the orbital contents. This step is critical for identifying the area requiring decompression.
  • Step 6: Orbital Exploration - The orbit is explored, and the region requiring decompression is identified. This may involve assessing the orbital fat and soft tissue attachments.
  • Step 7: Bone Removal - The orbital bone is exposed, and the periosteum is incised. Holes are drilled in the orbital bone, which are then connected using an oscillating saw or osteotome. The area of bone causing compression is excised to relieve pressure on the orbital contents.
  • Step 8: Closure - After decompression, the orbital tissues are reapproximated, and the periorbita is closed. The zygomatic bone window or flap is replaced and secured in position using miniplates and screws. Finally, the periosteum, soft tissues, and skin of the eyelid are closed in layers to ensure proper healing.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care following an orbitotomy with bone flap or window involves monitoring for complications such as infection, bleeding, or changes in vision. Patients may experience swelling and bruising around the eyelid, which is expected and typically resolves over time. Pain management is an important aspect of post-operative care, and patients may be prescribed analgesics to manage discomfort. Follow-up appointments are essential to assess healing and ensure that the surgical site is recovering appropriately. Patients should be advised on activity restrictions, particularly avoiding strenuous activities that could impact the healing process. Additionally, any signs of complications, such as increased pain, vision changes, or discharge from the surgical site, should be reported to the healthcare provider promptly.

Short Descr EXPLR/DECOMPRESS EYE SOCKET
Medium Descr ORBITOTOMY BONE FLAP/WINDOW LAT RMVL BONE DCMPRN
Long Descr Orbitotomy with bone flap or window, lateral approach (eg, Kroenlein); with removal of bone for decompression
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 1 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures applies.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P4E - Eye procedure - other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 21 - Other extraocular muscle and orbit therapeutic procedures
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
50 Bilateral procedure: unless otherwise identified in the listings, bilateral procedures that are performed at the same session, should be identified by adding modifier 50 to the appropriate 5 digit code. note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
81 Minimum assistant surgeon: minimum surgical assistant services are identified by adding modifier 81 to the usual procedure number.
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
XP Separate practitioner, a service that is distinct because it was performed by a different practitioner
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
Date
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Notes
1992-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 1992.
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