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Official Description

Repair oval window fistula

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 69666 involves the surgical repair of a fistula located in the oval window, which is a critical structure in the inner ear. A fistula is defined as an abnormal connection or passage that forms between the middle ear and the inner ear, potentially leading to various auditory and balance issues. The oval window itself is a membrane-covered opening that connects the middle ear to the inner ear, playing a vital role in the transmission of sound vibrations. During the procedure, the physician makes an incision in the posterior wall of the ear canal to access the affected area. A tympanomeatal flap, which is a section of the ear canal skin and underlying tissue, is carefully elevated to expose the oval window. The repair of the fistula is performed using a graft, typically derived from mesodermal or other soft tissue, to ensure proper closure and restoration of normal ear function. After the repair is completed, the tympanomeatal flap is repositioned, and the incision in the meatus is meticulously closed with sutures to promote healing and minimize complications.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure for repairing an oval window fistula is indicated in specific clinical scenarios where abnormal communications between the middle and inner ear are present. These indications may include:

  • Fistula Formation The presence of a fistula in the oval window, which can lead to symptoms such as hearing loss, vertigo, or other balance disorders.
  • Chronic Ear Conditions Patients with chronic ear infections or other persistent ear conditions that may contribute to the development of a fistula.
  • Post-Surgical Complications Individuals who have undergone previous ear surgeries and developed a fistula as a complication.

2. Procedure

The procedure for repairing an oval window fistula involves several critical steps to ensure effective closure and restoration of ear function. The steps are as follows:

  • Step 1: Incision The surgeon begins by making an incision in the posterior wall of the ear canal. This incision provides access to the underlying structures of the ear, allowing for a clear view of the oval window.
  • Step 2: Tympanomeatal Flap Creation Following the incision, a tympanomeatal flap is created. This flap consists of skin and underlying tissue from the ear canal, which is carefully elevated to expose the oval window and the surrounding area.
  • Step 3: Exposure of the Fistula Once the tympanomeatal flap is elevated, the surgeon can visualize the affected oval window. This exposure is crucial for assessing the extent of the fistula and planning the repair.
  • Step 4: Fistula Repair The actual repair of the fistula is performed using a graft, which may be derived from mesodermal tissue or other suitable soft tissue. The graft is placed over the fistula to close the abnormal passage and restore the integrity of the oval window.
  • Step 5: Flap Replacement After the fistula has been successfully repaired, the tympanomeatal flap is carefully repositioned to its original location. This step is essential for ensuring proper healing and maintaining the structure of the ear canal.
  • Step 6: Closure of the Incision Finally, the incision made in the meatus is closed using sutures. This closure is performed meticulously to promote healing and minimize the risk of complications.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care following the repair of an oval window fistula is essential for optimal recovery. Patients may be monitored for any signs of complications, such as infection or persistent symptoms. It is important to follow the surgeon's instructions regarding activity restrictions, wound care, and follow-up appointments. Patients may experience some discomfort or swelling in the ear area, which can be managed with prescribed pain relief medications. The expected recovery time may vary depending on individual circumstances, but patients are generally advised to avoid water exposure to the ear and refrain from strenuous activities during the initial healing phase. Regular follow-up visits will be necessary to assess the success of the repair and ensure proper healing of the ear structures.

Short Descr REPAIR MIDDLE EAR STRUCTURES
Medium Descr REPAIR OVAL WINDOW FISTULA
Long Descr Repair oval window fistula
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 1 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures applies.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P5E - Ambulatory procedures - other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 26 - Other therapeutic ear procedures
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
SG Ambulatory surgical center (asc) facility service
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