CPT® Code 72220

A radiologic examination of the sacrum and coccyx, identified by CPT® Code 72220, involves obtaining a minimum of two views to assess these specific areas of the lower spine. This procedure utilizes X-ray imaging, which employs indirect ionizing radiation to create images of the internal structures of the body. The principle behind X-ray imaging is based on the varying densities and compositions of human tissues, which affect how X-rays are absorbed or transmitted. As a result, some X-rays pass through the body and are captured on a detector, producing a two-dimensional image that reveals the anatomical details of the sacrum and coccyx. Routine views typically include an anteroposterior (AP) or posteroanterior (PA) view of the sacrum, as well as an AP or PA view of the coccyx, along with lateral views of both structures. Proper positioning of the patient is crucial for accurate imaging; for instance, the pelvis must be aligned to ensure that the sacrum and sacroiliac joints appear symmetrical in the images. Given the unique curvature of the coccyx, additional positioning may be required to visualize it adequately during the AP view of the sacrum. In lateral views, the patient is positioned sideways with feet shoulder-width apart and arms crossed at the shoulders, allowing for a comprehensive view of the lumbar vertebra, sacrum, and coccyx. To achieve optimal imaging results, patient preparation is essential. This includes ensuring the bladder is empty, the colon is clean, and the patient is dressed in a gown rather than regular clothing, as these factors can obstruct the view and compromise the quality of the radiographic images. Additionally, while shielding is typically applied for male patients to protect reproductive organs from radiation exposure, it is not feasible for female patients due to anatomical considerations.