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Official Description

Myocardial imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), perfusion study (including ventricular wall motion[s] and/or ejection fraction[s], when performed); multiple studies at rest and stress (exercise or pharmacologic), with concurrently acquired computed tomography transmission scan

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

A myocardial imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), perfusion study is a sophisticated non-invasive imaging technique designed to evaluate the heart's muscle perfusion and blood flow. This procedure is particularly useful in assessing the functionality of the heart, especially in patients suspected of having coronary artery disease or other cardiac conditions. The study utilizes radioactive tracers, known as nucleotides, which are injected into the patient's bloodstream. These tracers emit positrons that are detected by the PET scanner, allowing for the creation of detailed three-dimensional images that illustrate blood flow through the heart during both rest and stress conditions. The PET imaging is often complemented by a concurrently acquired computed tomography (CT) transmission scan, which enhances the accuracy of the results by providing anatomical context. The combination of PET and CT imaging allows for a more precise localization of any damaged heart tissue or disease processes, as the CT scan corrects for soft tissue attenuation, thereby improving the clarity of the PET images. During the procedure, patients are positioned on a moveable table, and an intravenous (IV) line is established for the administration of the radioactive tracer. Electrocardiogram (EKG) leads are attached to monitor the heart's electrical activity throughout the imaging process. The initial pass through the scanner captures CT data, followed by the injection of the radioactive tracer and subsequent PET imaging. The study can be performed at rest or during stress, which may be induced through exercise or pharmacological agents, providing comprehensive insights into the heart's performance under varying conditions.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The myocardial imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), perfusion study is indicated for the following conditions:

  • Coronary Artery Disease - To assess the presence and extent of coronary artery disease, which can lead to impaired blood flow to the heart muscle.
  • Heart Muscle Damage - To evaluate areas of the heart that may have been damaged due to previous heart attacks or other cardiac conditions.
  • Assessment of Ventricular Function - To measure the pumping capacity of the left ventricle and calculate the ejection fraction, which is crucial for determining heart function.
  • Preoperative Evaluation - To assess cardiac risk in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, particularly in those with known heart disease or risk factors.

2. Procedure

The procedure for a myocardial imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), perfusion study involves several key steps to ensure accurate imaging and assessment of heart function:

  • Patient Preparation - The patient is positioned on a moveable table in a specialized imaging room equipped with a PET/CT scanner. An intravenous (IV) line is established for the injection of the radioactive tracer. EKG leads are placed on the patient to monitor heart activity throughout the procedure.
  • Initial CT Data Acquisition - The first pass through the scanner is performed to acquire CT data. This initial scan provides anatomical information that will be used to enhance the PET images.
  • Injection of Radioactive Tracer - After the CT scan, the radioactive tracer is injected through the established IV line. This tracer will allow for the visualization of blood flow in the heart muscle.
  • PET Data Acquisition - The table moves through the scanner again, this time with a slower transit time to record the PET data. The uptake of the radioactive tracer is measured, which varies depending on blood flow to different areas of the heart.
  • Stress Testing (if applicable) - If the study includes stress testing, the patient may either exercise on a treadmill or bicycle until an optimal heart rate and blood pressure are achieved, or a pharmacological agent such as adenosine, regadenoson, dipyridamole, or dobutamine is administered to stimulate the heart. The patient is then scanned again to acquire both CT and PET data during the stress condition.

3. Post-Procedure

After the myocardial imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), perfusion study is completed, patients are typically monitored for a short period to ensure there are no immediate adverse reactions to the radioactive tracer. The results of the imaging study will be analyzed to assess heart muscle perfusion and function. Patients may be advised to hydrate well post-procedure to help flush the radioactive material from their system. Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss the findings and any necessary further evaluations or treatments based on the results.

Short Descr MYOCRD IMG PET RST&STRS CT
Medium Descr MYOCRD IMG PET PRFUJ MLT STD RST&STRS CNCRNT CT
Long Descr Myocardial imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), perfusion study (including ventricular wall motion[s] and/or ejection fraction[s], when performed); multiple studies at rest and stress (exercise or pharmacologic), with concurrently acquired computed tomography transmission scan
Status Code Carriers Price the Code
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 1 - Diagnostic Tests for Radiology Services
Multiple Procedures (51) 0 - No payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Procedure or Service, Not Discounted when Multiple
ASC Payment Indicator Radiology service paid separately when provided integral to a surgical procedure on ASC list; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 4 - Diagnostic Radiology
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) none
MUE 1

This is a primary code that can be used with these additional add-on codes.

78434 Add-on Code Resequenced Code MPFS Status: Carrier Priced APC N ASC N1 Absolute quantitation of myocardial blood flow (AQMBF), positron emission tomography (PET), rest and pharmacologic stress (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
TC Technical component; under certain circumstances, a charge may be made for the technical component alone; under those circumstances the technical component charge is identified by adding modifier 'tc' to the usual procedure number; technical component charges are institutional charges and not billed separately by physicians; however, portable x-ray suppliers only bill for technical component and should utilize modifier tc; the charge data from portable x-ray suppliers will then be used to build customary and prevailing profiles
ME The order for this service adheres to appropriate use criteria in the clinical decision support mechanism consulted by the ordering professional
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
QQ Ordering professional consulted a qualified clinical decision support mechanism for this service and the related data was provided to the furnishing professional
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
MG The order for this service does not have applicable appropriate use criteria in the qualified clinical decision support mechanism consulted by the ordering professional
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
X5 Diagnostic services requested by another clinician: for reporting services by a clinician who furnishes care to the patient only as requested by another clinician or subsequent and related services requested by another clinician; this modifier is reported for patient relationships that may not be adequately captured by the above alternative categories; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the radiologist's interpretation of an imaging study requested by another clinician
MC Ordering professional is not required to consult a clinical decision support mechanism due to the significant hardship exception of electronic health record or clinical decision support mechanism vendor issues
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
X4 Episodic/focused services: for reporting services by clinicians who provide focused care on particular types of treatment limited to a defined period and circumstance; the patient has a problem, acute or chronic, that will be treated with surgery, radiation, or some other type of generally time-limited intervention; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the orthopedic surgeon performing a knee replacement and seeing the patient through the postoperative period
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
53 Discontinued procedure: under certain circumstances, the physician or other qualified health care professional may elect to terminate a surgical or diagnostic procedure. due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient, it may be necessary to indicate that a surgical or diagnostic procedure was started but discontinued. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 53 to the code reported by the individual for the discontinued procedure. note: this modifier is not used to report the elective cancellation of a procedure prior to the patient's anesthesia induction and/or surgical preparation in the operating suite. for outpatient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (asc) reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
77 Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
AI Principal physician of record
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
JZ Zero drug amount discarded/not administered to any patient
MA Ordering professional is not required to consult a clinical decision support mechanism due to service being rendered to a patient with a suspected or confirmed emergency medical condition
MF The order for this service does not adhere to the appropriate use criteria in the clinical decision support mechanism consulted by the ordering professional
MH Unknown if ordering professional consulted a clinical decision support mechanism for this service, related information was not provided to the furnishing professional or provider
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
XP Separate practitioner, a service that is distinct because it was performed by a different practitioner
Date
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2020-01-01 Added Code added.
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