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Official Description

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging; whole body

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, commonly known as a PET scan, is a sophisticated diagnostic imaging procedure that provides detailed physiologic images of the entire body. This technique utilizes a radioactive substance, referred to as a radioisotope, which is administered to the patient to facilitate the imaging process. The radioisotope emits positrons, which are detected during the imaging procedure, allowing for the visualization of various body regions. PET imaging is particularly valuable in the medical field for its ability to detect malignant lesions, assess the effectiveness of cancer treatments, and evaluate other medical conditions. The radioisotopes used in PET scans are characterized by their short half-lives, necessitating the use of a cyclotron to produce them immediately before the procedure. Once produced, the radioisotope is typically tagged to a natural compound, such as glucose, and is administered to the patient either intravenously or, in rare cases, by inhalation. Following administration, the radioisotope is absorbed by different tissues and organs at varying rates, which is crucial for distinguishing between normal and diseased tissues during the imaging process. The patient is prepared for the procedure by having an intravenous line placed, after which they are instructed to rest quietly to allow for optimal distribution of the radioisotope, a process that may take between 30 to 90 minutes. Subsequently, PET images are captured, and a radiologist reviews these images, analyzing the patterns of radioisotope accumulation to provide a comprehensive interpretation and written report, often comparing the current images with any prior radiological studies for a thorough evaluation.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The indications for performing positron emission tomography (PET) imaging include the following:

  • Detection of Malignant Lesions PET imaging is primarily utilized for identifying cancerous tumors and assessing their characteristics.
  • Evaluation of Treatment Effectiveness This imaging technique is used to monitor the response of malignancies to various treatment modalities, helping to determine the effectiveness of therapies.
  • Diagnosis of Other Conditions In addition to oncology applications, PET imaging can be employed for the diagnosis and evaluation of a range of other medical conditions, although specific conditions are not detailed in the provided data.

2. Procedure

The procedure for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging involves several critical steps to ensure accurate imaging results:

  • Preparation of the Patient Initially, the patient is prepared for the PET imaging procedure. This includes placing an intravenous line to facilitate the administration of the radioisotope.
  • Administration of the Radioisotope The radioisotope, which has been tagged to a natural compound such as glucose, is then administered to the patient, typically through the intravenous line. In some cases, it may be administered by inhalation.
  • Resting Period After the radioisotope is administered, the patient is instructed to rest quietly. This resting period is crucial as it allows the radioisotope to perfuse adequately to the body regions that will be imaged. This process may take approximately 30 to 90 minutes.
  • Acquisition of PET Images Once the resting period is complete, PET images are obtained. The imaging process captures the distribution of the radioisotope within the body, highlighting areas of varying uptake.
  • Review and Interpretation of Images A radiologist then reviews the acquired images, noting the variations in radioisotope accumulation across the studied body regions. This analysis is essential for identifying any abnormalities.
  • Comparison with Previous Studies The current PET images are compared with any previously obtained radiological studies to provide a comprehensive assessment of the patient's condition.
  • Reporting Finally, a written report is generated, summarizing the findings from the PET imaging and providing insights into the patient's health status.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care following a PET imaging session typically involves monitoring the patient for any immediate reactions to the radioisotope. Patients are generally advised to hydrate adequately to help flush the radioisotope from their system. There are no specific recovery protocols mentioned in the provided data, but patients may resume normal activities unless otherwise directed by their healthcare provider. The results of the PET scan will be discussed with the patient during a follow-up appointment, where the radiologist will explain the findings and any further steps that may be necessary based on the results.

Short Descr PET IMAGE FULL BODY
Medium Descr PET IMAGING WHOLE BODY
Long Descr Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging; whole body
Status Code Carriers Price the Code
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 1 - Diagnostic Tests for Radiology Services
Multiple Procedures (51) 0 - No payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Procedure or Service, Not Discounted when Multiple
ASC Payment Indicator Radiology service paid separately when provided integral to a surgical procedure on ASC list; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 4 - Diagnostic Radiology
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) I2D - Advanced imaging - MRI/MRA: other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 209 - Radioisotope scan and function studies
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
PS Positron emission tomography (pet) or pet/computed tomography (ct) to inform the subsequent treatment strategy of cancerous tumors when the beneficiary's treating physician determines that the pet study is needed to inform subsequent anti-tumor strategy
PI Positron emission tomography (pet) or pet/computed tomography (ct) to inform the initial treatment strategy of tumors that are biopsy proven or strongly suspected of being cancerous based on other diagnostic testing
MG The order for this service does not have applicable appropriate use criteria in the qualified clinical decision support mechanism consulted by the ordering professional
TC Technical component; under certain circumstances, a charge may be made for the technical component alone; under those circumstances the technical component charge is identified by adding modifier 'tc' to the usual procedure number; technical component charges are institutional charges and not billed separately by physicians; however, portable x-ray suppliers only bill for technical component and should utilize modifier tc; the charge data from portable x-ray suppliers will then be used to build customary and prevailing profiles
77 Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
KX Requirements specified in the medical policy have been met
MC Ordering professional is not required to consult a clinical decision support mechanism due to the significant hardship exception of electronic health record or clinical decision support mechanism vendor issues
Q0 Investigational clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
QQ Ordering professional consulted a qualified clinical decision support mechanism for this service and the related data was provided to the furnishing professional
X5 Diagnostic services requested by another clinician: for reporting services by a clinician who furnishes care to the patient only as requested by another clinician or subsequent and related services requested by another clinician; this modifier is reported for patient relationships that may not be adequately captured by the above alternative categories; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the radiologist's interpretation of an imaging study requested by another clinician
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
2011-01-01 Changed Short description changed.
2008-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
2005-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 2005.
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