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Official Description

Barbiturates

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 80345 refers to a laboratory test specifically designed to measure the presence of barbiturates in various biological specimens, including stool, serum, plasma, or urine. Barbiturates are a class of medications that act as central nervous system depressants, which means they can slow down brain activity. These drugs are often prescribed for a range of medical conditions such as anxiety, insomnia, and seizures, and they are also utilized to induce mild sedation and facilitate general anesthesia during surgical procedures. The primary action of barbiturates is to decrease tension and promote a calming effect on the brain, making them effective in managing certain psychological and physiological conditions. However, it is important to note that barbiturates have a high potential for addiction, and withdrawal symptoms can occur, including rebound effects on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The pharmacological effects of barbiturates can vary significantly based on their classification, which is determined by their half-life. They are categorized into four groups: very short-acting, short-acting, medium-acting, and long-acting. Very short-acting barbiturates, such as methohexital (Brevital), thiamylal (Surital), and thiopental (pentobarbital), are primarily used in anesthesia. Short-acting barbiturates include pentobarbital (Nembutal), amobarbital (Amytal), butabarbital (Butisol, Soneryl), secobarbital (Seconal), and aprobarbital (Alurate). Medium-acting barbiturates consist of talbutal (Lotusate), cyclobarbital (Phanodorn), and butalbital (Fiorinal, Fioricet), while long-acting options include mephobarbital (Mebaral), methylphenobarbital (Prominal), and phenobarbital (Luminal). The testing process for barbiturates involves obtaining a blood sample through a separately reportable venipuncture, collecting a urine specimen via random void or catheterization, and gathering meconium stool from a diaper. The analysis of serum or plasma and urine samples is typically conducted using quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, while stool samples may undergo multiple chromatography and mass spectrometry procedures to ensure accurate detection and quantification of barbiturates.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The laboratory test for barbiturates, represented by CPT® Code 80345, is indicated for the following conditions:

  • Assessment of Barbiturate Use: This test is performed to evaluate the presence of barbiturates in patients who may be using these medications for therapeutic purposes or recreationally.
  • Monitoring for Substance Abuse: The test is utilized in the context of substance abuse assessments to determine if a patient has been using barbiturates, which can be critical for treatment planning.
  • Evaluation of Withdrawal Symptoms: It may be indicated for patients exhibiting withdrawal symptoms from barbiturates, helping to confirm the diagnosis and guide management.
  • Forensic Toxicology: The test can be used in forensic settings to investigate cases of overdose or poisoning involving barbiturates.

2. Procedure

The procedure for testing barbiturates involves several key steps to ensure accurate measurement and analysis of the substances in the specified biological specimens. The following procedural steps are outlined:

  • Step 1: Sample Collection - A blood sample is obtained through a separately reportable venipuncture, which involves inserting a needle into a vein to draw blood. For urine testing, a specimen is collected either by random void, where the patient provides a sample at any time, or through catheterization, which involves inserting a catheter into the bladder to obtain urine. Additionally, meconium stool can be collected from a diaper for testing in infants.
  • Step 2: Sample Preparation - Once the samples are collected, they are prepared for analysis. This may involve centrifugation of blood samples to separate serum or plasma from the cellular components, ensuring that only the liquid portion is tested.
  • Step 3: Analytical Testing - The serum or plasma and urine samples are subjected to quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a highly sensitive and specific method for detecting and quantifying barbiturates. This technique separates the components of the sample and identifies them based on their mass-to-charge ratio. For stool samples, multiple chromatography and mass spectrometry procedures may be employed to accurately detect the presence of barbiturates.
  • Step 4: Result Interpretation - After the analysis is complete, the results are interpreted by qualified laboratory personnel. The presence and concentration of barbiturates in the samples are reported, providing essential information for clinical decision-making.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care for patients undergoing barbiturate testing typically involves providing them with information regarding the test results and any necessary follow-up actions. Patients may be advised to discuss the results with their healthcare provider to understand the implications of the findings. If barbiturates are detected, further evaluation and management may be required, especially if there are concerns regarding substance abuse or withdrawal. Additionally, healthcare providers may need to monitor the patient for any adverse effects or complications related to barbiturate use, particularly in cases where the patient is undergoing treatment for addiction or is at risk of overdose. It is also important to ensure that patients are aware of the potential for false positives or negatives in testing, depending on the specific substances they may have ingested.

Short Descr DRUG SCREENING BARBITURATES
Medium Descr DRUG SCREENING BARBITURATES
Long Descr Barbiturates
Status Code Not Valid for Medicare Purposes
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Code Not Recognized by OPPS when submitted on Outpatient Hospital Part B Bill Type (12x/13x)
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T2D - Other tests - other
MUE 1
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
Date
Action
Notes
2015-01-01 Added Added
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