CPT® Code 81522

Oncology (breast), mRNA, gene expression profiling by RT-PCR of 12 genes (8 content and 4 housekeeping), utilizing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, algorithm reported as recurrence risk score

The CPT® Code 81522 pertains to a specific molecular genetic test utilized in oncology, particularly for breast cancer. This test involves the analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples obtained from breast tumors. The primary objective of this testing is to evaluate the expression of 12 specific genes, which include 8 content genes that are directly related to cancer progression and 4 housekeeping genes that serve as controls to ensure the accuracy of the test results. By employing reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology, the test quantifies the levels of mRNA present in the tissue sample at a specific point in time. This quantification is crucial as it aids in determining the current status of the disease and provides insights into the likelihood of disease recurrence. The results of this test are interpreted through an algorithm that generates a recurrence risk score, which ranges from 1 to 100. This score categorizes patients into different risk levels: a score of less than 39 indicates a low risk of recurrence, scores between 39 and 54 suggest an intermediate risk, and scores of 55 or higher signify a high risk for recurrence. The test is particularly recommended for patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), as it assists healthcare providers in making informed decisions regarding treatment options and management strategies based on the predicted risk of recurrence.