CPT® Code 82105

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a crucial biomarker measured in serum to assess fetal health during pregnancy. This protein is initially produced by the yolk sac of the developing fetus and later by the liver and gastrointestinal tract as gestation progresses. The measurement of AFP levels in maternal serum is particularly significant between the 14th and 22nd weeks of pregnancy, as it serves as a screening tool for various fetal conditions. Elevated levels of AFP can indicate the presence of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, which are serious congenital malformations. Conversely, low levels of AFP may suggest chromosomal abnormalities, including Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), as well as conditions like omphalocele. The procedure for obtaining the serum sample involves a venipuncture, which is a separate reportable service. The results of the AFP test provide valuable information that can guide further diagnostic testing and management of the pregnancy.