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Official Description

Specific gravity (except urine)

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 84315 refers to the measurement of specific gravity, which is a critical laboratory test used to assess the density of a body fluid, excluding urine. Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance, typically water. A particle exhibiting a specific gravity of 1 is considered neutrally buoyant in water, meaning it neither sinks nor floats. When the specific gravity of a substance increases above 1, it indicates that the substance is denser than water, causing it to sink. Conversely, a specific gravity of less than 1 suggests that the substance is less dense than water, resulting in it floating. This measurement is particularly significant in clinical settings as it aids in differentiating between transudative and exudative fluids. Transudates, which are typically associated with systemic conditions such as heart failure and cirrhosis, have a lower specific gravity. In contrast, exudates, which arise from localized inflammatory processes or diseases such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, or cancer, exhibit a higher specific gravity. Therefore, determining the specific gravity of body fluids can provide valuable diagnostic information, guiding healthcare professionals in the evaluation and management of various medical conditions.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The measurement of specific gravity is indicated in various clinical scenarios where the analysis of body fluids is necessary to differentiate between types of fluid accumulation. The following conditions may warrant this procedure:

  • Heart Failure Specific gravity measurement can help identify transudative fluids that may accumulate due to heart failure, providing insight into the underlying fluid dynamics.
  • Cirrhosis In patients with liver cirrhosis, specific gravity can assist in determining the nature of ascitic fluid, distinguishing between transudates and exudates.
  • Inflammatory Disorders Conditions such as tuberculosis and pneumonia may lead to the production of exudative fluids, which can be identified through elevated specific gravity measurements.
  • Cancer In cases of malignancy, specific gravity can aid in the evaluation of pleural or peritoneal effusions, helping to classify the fluid type and guide further diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

2. Procedure

The procedure for measuring specific gravity involves several key steps that ensure accurate results. The following outlines the procedural steps:

  • Step 1: Sample Collection A sample of the body fluid to be tested is collected using appropriate sterile techniques. This may involve drawing fluid from a body cavity, such as pleural or peritoneal fluid, depending on the clinical context.
  • Step 2: Preparation of the Sample The collected fluid sample is prepared for analysis. This may include centrifugation or filtration to remove any particulate matter that could interfere with the measurement.
  • Step 3: Measurement The specific gravity of the prepared fluid sample is measured using a hydrometer or a refractometer. The instrument provides a reading that indicates the density of the fluid relative to water.
  • Step 4: Interpretation of Results The obtained specific gravity value is interpreted in the context of the patient's clinical condition. A specific gravity greater than 1.020 typically suggests an exudative process, while a value less than 1.020 indicates a transudative process.

3. Post-Procedure

After the specific gravity measurement is completed, the results are documented and communicated to the healthcare provider for further evaluation. Depending on the findings, additional diagnostic tests or interventions may be warranted. Patients may not require specific post-procedure care related to the specific gravity measurement itself, but any underlying condition that prompted the fluid analysis may necessitate ongoing monitoring and treatment. It is essential for healthcare professionals to consider the specific gravity results in conjunction with other clinical findings to make informed decisions regarding patient management.

Short Descr BODY FLUID SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Medium Descr SPECIFIC GRAVITY EXCEPT URINE
Long Descr Specific gravity (except urine)
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 233 - Laboratory - Chemistry and Hematology
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
SA Nurse practitioner rendering service in collaboration with a physician
Date
Action
Notes
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
Code
Description
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