CPT® Code 86258

The gliadin (deamidated) (DGP) antibody test, identified by CPT® Code 86258, is a laboratory test utilized to assess the presence of antibodies associated with celiac disease, also referred to as celiac sprue. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by an abnormal immune response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and oats. This immune response leads to the production of autoantibodies that can damage the small intestine's villi, which are tiny, finger-like projections that play a crucial role in nutrient absorption. Gliadin, a significant component of gluten, is specifically targeted in this test. The symptoms of celiac disease can vary widely but often include recurring abdominal pain, bloating, and gastrointestinal disturbances such as chronic diarrhea or constipation, which may present with pale and foul-smelling stools. Additionally, individuals may experience weight loss and iron deficiency anemia due to malabsorption of nutrients. The DGP test primarily measures IgA antibodies (DGP-IgA), which are produced in the small intestine and are more specific for diagnosing celiac disease. However, for individuals with IgA deficiency, DGP-IgG testing is also available and provides valuable diagnostic information. To perform the DGP test, a venous blood sample is collected, and the serum is analyzed using immunoassay techniques, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or multiplexed bead assay. It is important to note that DGP testing is often conducted alongside other antibody tests for celiac disease and is particularly beneficial for diagnosing children under the age of 2 years. For accurate results, it is essential that the individual continues to consume gluten in their diet, as the absence of gliadin will result in no detectable antibody response.